Infrared intensities of liquids. 5. Optical and dielectric constants, integrated intensities, and dipole moment derivatives of water and water-d2 at 22.degree.C

1989 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2210-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bertie ◽  
M. Khalique Ahmed ◽  
Hans H. Eysel
1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bertie ◽  
Zhida Lan

The previously reported nonreproducibility of the intensity of the OH stretching band of liquid water has been explored. It was found that it can be eliminated in measurements with the Circle® multiple ATR cell by ensuring that the ATR rod is coaxial with the glass liquid holder. It was also found that normal laboratory temperature variations of a few degrees change the intensity by ⩽∼1% of the peak height. A new imaginary refractive index spectrum of water has been determined between 4000 and 700 cm1 as the average of spectra calculated from ATR spectra recorded by four workers in our laboratory over the past seven years. It was obtained under experimental and computational conditions superior to those used previously, but is only marginally different from the spectra reported in 1989. In particular, the integrated intensities of the fundamentals are not changed significantly from those reported in 1989. The available imaginary refractive index, k, values between 15,000 and 1 cm−1 have been compared. The values that are judged to be the most reliable have been combined into a recommended k spectrum of H2O(l) at 25 °C between 15,000 and 1 cm−1, from which the real refractive index spectrum has been calculated by Kramers–Kronig transformation. The recommended values of the real and imaginary refractive indices and molar absorption coefficients of liquid water at 25 ± 1 °C are presented in graphs and tables. The real and imaginary dielectric constants and the real and imaginary molar polarizabilities in this wavenumber range can be calculated from the tables. Conservatively estimated probable errors of the recommended k values are given. The precision with which the values can be measured in one laboratory and the relative errors between regions are, of course, far smaller than these probable errors. The recommended k values should be of considerable value as interim standard intensities of liquid water, which will facilitate the transfer of intensities between laboratories.


1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Juchnovski ◽  
Rositza Kuzmanova ◽  
Jordan Tsenov ◽  
José Kaneti ◽  
Ivan Binev

AbstractThe nitrile infrared intensities of a series of a,β-diaryl cyanoethylenes were juxtaposed to the associated substituent constants, HMO and SCF-MO indices and fair to excellent correlations were established. The competitive resonance of the nitrile group with alpha-and beta-aryl substituents is discussed. HMO calculations were used to estimate the steric hindrance to conjugation caused by polycyclic substituents and SCF-MO calculations were made to obtain uniform predictions of nitrile intensities and frequencies for hetero-cyclic derivatives of acrylonitrile.


1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bertie ◽  
Shuliang L. Zhang

This paper reports infrared absorption intensities of liquid methanol- d, CH3OD, at 25°C, between 8000 and 350 cm−1 Measurements were made by multiple attenuated total reflection spectroscopy with the use of the CIRCLE cell, and by transmission spectroscopy with a variable-path-length cell with CaF2 windows. The results of these two methods agree excellently and were combined to yield an imaginary refractive index spectrum, k(ν˜) vs. ν˜, between 6187 and 350 cm−1. The imaginary refractive index spectrum was arbitrarily set to zero between 6187 and 8000 cm−1 where k is always less than 2 × 10−6, in order that the real refractive index can be calculated below 8000 cm−1 by Kramers-Krönig transformation. The results are reported as graphs and as tables of the real and imaginary refractive indices between 8000 and 350 cm−1, from which all other infrared properties of liquid methanol- d can be calculated. The accuracy is estimated to be ± 3% below 5900 cm−1 and ± 10% above 5900 cm−1 for the imaginary refractive index and better than ± 0.5% for the real refractive index. In order to obtain molecular information from the refractive indices, the spectrum of the imaginary polarizability multiplied by wavenumber, ν˜ vs. ν˜, was calculated under the assumption of the Lorentz local field. The area under this ν˜ spectrum was separated into the integrated intensities of different vibrations. Molecular properties were calculated from these integrated intensities—specifically, the transition moments and dipole moment derivatives of the molecules in the liquid, the latter under the harmonic approximation. The availability of the spectra of both CH3OH and CH3OD enables the integrated intensities and the molecular properties of the C-H, O-H, O-D, and C-O stretching and CH3 deformation vibrations to be determined with confidence to a few percent. Further work with isotopic molecules is needed to improve the reliability of the integrated intensities of the C-O-H(D) in-plane bending, H-C-O-H(D) torsion, and CH3 rocking vibrations.


1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bertie ◽  
Hans H. Eysel

The CIRCLE ATR accessory has been used to measure the optical and dielectric constants of organic liquids and water. The method, based on Fresnel's equations, is described in detail, and the agreement between the results obtained and literature values is shown to be adequate for chemical use. The utility of optical and dielectric constants for the calculation of traditional infrared intensities in liquids and of dipole moment derivatives is outlined.


1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hensel ◽  
Johanna Fruwert ◽  
Klaus Dathe

The infrared intensities of the ν2, ν4, and ν9 stretching bands of 1,1-dichloroethylene have been measured in eighteen solvents of different polarity. After correcting for the local field effect, the partial derivatives of the electric dipole moment and electric polarizability with respect to normal coordinates were calculated using the dipole-dipole interaction model. A good or a poor statistical correlation of the calculated and observed intensities then indicates whether this model is adequate or other phenomena are involved in the interaction.


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