Relaxation of the electronic spin moment of copper(II)-macromolecular complexes in solution

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 3532-3536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivano Bertini ◽  
Claudio Luchinat ◽  
Rodney D. Brown ◽  
Seymour H. Koenig
ChemInform ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. BERTINI ◽  
C. LUCHINAT ◽  
R. D. III BROWN ◽  
S. H. KOENIG

Author(s):  
Wenhui Zhong ◽  
Yue Qiu ◽  
Hujun Shen ◽  
Xijun Wang ◽  
Jianyong Yuan ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
D.W. Andrews ◽  
F.P. Ottensmeyer

Shadowing with heavy metals has been used for many years to enhance the topological features of biological macromolecular complexes. The three dimensional features present in directionaly shadowed specimens often simplifies interpretation of projection images provided by other techniques. One difficulty with the method is the relatively large amount of metal used to achieve sufficient contrast in bright field images. Thick shadow films are undesirable because they decrease resolution due to an increased tendency for microcrystalline aggregates to form, because decoration artefacts become more severe and increased cap thickness makes estimation of dimensions more uncertain.The large increase in contrast provided by the dark field mode of imaging allows the use of shadow replicas with a much lower average mass thickness. To form the images in Fig. 1, latex spheres of 0.087 μ average diameter were unidirectionally shadowed with platinum carbon (Pt-C) and a thin film of carbon was indirectly evaporated on the specimen as a support.


Author(s):  
B. Carragher ◽  
M. Whittaker

Techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction of macromolecular complexes from electron micrographs have been successfully used for many years. These include methods which take advantage of the natural symmetry properties of the structure (for example helical or icosahedral) as well as those that use single axis or other tilting geometries to reconstruct from a set of projection images. These techniques have traditionally relied on a very experienced operator to manually perform the often numerous and time consuming steps required to obtain the final reconstruction. While the guidance and oversight of an experienced and critical operator will always be an essential component of these techniques, recent advances in computer technology, microprocessor controlled microscopes and the availability of high quality CCD cameras have provided the means to automate many of the individual steps.During the acquisition of data automation provides benefits not only in terms of convenience and time saving but also in circumstances where manual procedures limit the quality of the final reconstruction.


2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Lan WANG ◽  
Lu-Shan WANG ◽  
Wei-Feng LIU ◽  
Guan-Jun CHEN ◽  
Pei-Ji GAO

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Egelman ◽  
Fengbin Wang

In structural biology, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as the main technique for determining the atomic structures of macromolecular complexes. This has largely been due to the introduction of direct...


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