Interception of hydrogen cyanide precursor(s) in the reaction of active nitrogen with alcohols in aqueous solution

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (25) ◽  
pp. 7506-7507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman N. Lichtin ◽  
Carl C. T. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Active Nitrogen

THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH PROPYLENE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Trick ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Atomic Nitrogen ◽  
Active Nitrogen

The reaction of nitrogen atoms with propylene has been found to produce hydrogen cyanide and ethylene as the main products, together with smaller amounts of ethane and propane and traces of acetylene and of a C4 fraction. With excess propylene, the nitrogen atoms were completely consumed and for the reaction at 242 °C., 0.77 mole of ethylene was produced for each mole of excess propylene added. For reactions at lower temperatures, less ethylene was produced. The proposed mechanism involves formation of a complex between the nitrogen atom and the double bond of propylene, followed by decomposition to ethylene, hydrogen cyanide, and atomic hydrogen. The ethylene would then react with atomic nitrogen in a similar manner.

Equilibrium of α-aminoacetonitrile formation from formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia in aqueous solution: Industrial and prebiotic significance

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Moutou ◽  
J. Taillades ◽  
S. Bénefice-Malouet ◽  
A. Commeyras ◽  
G. Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide

THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH ETHYLENE

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Versteeg ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Principal Product

Reinvestigation of the active nitrogen–ethylene reaction has confirmed hydrogen cyanide as the principal product. Smaller quantities of ethane, cyanogen, acetylene, and methane have also been found and the variations in amounts of these products with ethylene flow rate have been established. No significant amount of polymeric material was found.

Ab initio GB study of prebiotic synthesis of purine precursors from aqueous hydrogen cyanide: dimerization reaction of HCN in aqueous solution

2000 ◽  
Vol 507 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kikuchi ◽  
Toshio Watanabe ◽  
Yusuke Satoh ◽  
Yuichi Inadomi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Prebiotic Synthesis ◽  
Dimerization Reaction

THE REACTIONS OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH THE BUTANES

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 718-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Back ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Atomic Nitrogen ◽  
Initial Attack ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Rate Controlling Step

The main product of the reactions of active nitrogen with n- and iso-butanes at 75 °C. and 250 °C. was hydrogen cyanide. Small amounts of C2 hydrocarbons, mainly ethylene and acetylene, were produced in both reactions. Second order rate constants were calculated on the assumption that the reactive species in active nitrogen is atomic nitrogen, and that the initial attack of a nitrogen atom is the rate-controlling step. The activation energies were then estimated to be 3.6 kcal. and 3.1 kcal. and the probability factors 4.5 × 10−4 and 4.4 × 10−4, for the n-butane and isobutane reactions respectively.

THE REACTIONS OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH ALKYL CHLORIDES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dunford ◽  
H. G. V. Evans ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkyl Chloride ◽  
Initial Attack ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Ethyl Vinyl ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Reactant Flow

The reactions of active nitrogen with methyl, ethyl, vinyl, propyl, and isopropyl chlorides yielded hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride as the main products. Small amounts of cyanogen and a polymer were formed from all the halides, and all except methyl chloride also yielded small amounts of C2 and C3 hydrocarbons. The observed changes in amounts of products recovered with different reactant flow rates were characteristic of a fast reaction in which complete consumption of either reactant occurs when the other is present in excess. Mechanisms for the reactions are suggested on the basis that relatively long-lived complexes are formed in the initial attack of a nitrogen atom on the alkyl chloride.

scholarly journals THE REACTIONS OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH CHLOROMETHANES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Sobering ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Cyanogen Chloride ◽  
Limiting Values ◽  
Reactant Flow

Cyanogen chloride and chlorine were the only gaseous products observed in the reaction of active nitrogen with carbon tetrachloride at 110° and 420 °C. The product yields tended towards limiting values at higher reactant flow rates, and increased with increase of temperature at all flow rates. The reactions of active nitrogen with chloroform and dichloromethane at 260° and 420 °C yielded hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, and cyanogen, in addition to cyanogen chloride and chlorine. The behavior of the product yields with reactant flow rates and temperature was similar to that of the products from carbon tetrachloride.

THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH ACETYLENE

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Versteeg ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Yields

The main products of this reaction were hydrogen cyanide and polymer that contained approximately 32% nitrogen. Yields of these substances increased to constant values with increase of acetylene flow rate. Some cyanogen and methane were also formed. The yield of cyanogen passed through a maximum with increased flow rate of acetylene, but the methane yields were quite erratic.

scholarly journals Radiation-induced Formation of Tetrameric Hydrogen Cyanide in an Aqueous Solution

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2448-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Ogura ◽  
Masaharu Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Radiation Induced
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