Assoziation zwischen der Kompetenz zur Kontingenzerkennung im Alter von drei und sechs Monaten und dem Entwicklungsstand im Alter von ein und zwei Jahren

Author(s):  
Ilka Lissmann ◽  
Petra Korntheuer ◽  
Arnold Lohaus

Zusammenfassung. Berichtet wird über eine Längsschnittstudie mit vier Untersuchungszeitpunkten an 87 Kindern im Alter von 3 bis 24 Monaten. Ziel war es, die Assoziationen zwischen Kompetenzen zur nicht-sozialen Kontingenzwahrnehmung mit drei und sechs Monaten und dem späteren Entwicklungsstand mit einem bzw. zwei Jahren sowie der sprachlichen Entwicklung mit zwei Jahren zu analysieren. Die Kompetenz zur Wahrnehmung nicht-sozialer Kontingenzen wurde mittels Mobile Conjugate Reinforcement Paradigma (Mobiletest) sowie Visual Expectation Paradigma (VEP) erhoben. Der Entwicklungsstand wurde mit dem Entwicklungstest 6 Monate - 6 Jahre (ET 6-6) erhoben, die sprachliche Entwicklung mittels des Sprachtests für zweijährige Kinder (SETK-2). Es zeigte sich, dass die Ergebnisse des Mobiletests mit drei Monaten signifikante Bezüge zur Sprachentwicklung mit zwei Jahren aufwiesen. Das VEP mit sechs Monaten stand ebenfalls mit der Sprachentwicklung mit zwei Jahren, zusätzlich aber auch mit der kognitiven und sozialen Entwicklung mit einem Jahr in Verbindung. Diskutiert werden neben der Notwendigkeit zu einer altersspezifischen Differenzierung zwischen den beiden Paradigmen zur Wahrnehmung nicht-sozialer Kontingenzen auch die möglichen Verbindungslinien zwischen nicht-sozialer Kontingenzwahrnehmung und Entwicklung.

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Merz ◽  
Laraine McDonough ◽  
Yong Lin Huang ◽  
Sophie Foss ◽  
Elizabeth Werner ◽  
...  

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 808-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill C Heathcock ◽  
Anjana N Bhat ◽  
Michele A Lobo ◽  
James (Cole) Galloway

Abstract Background and Purpose. By 3 to 4 months of age, infants born full-term and without known disease display associative learning and memory abilities in the mobile paradigm, where an infant's leg is tethered to a mobile such that leg kicks result in proportional mobile movement. The first purpose of this study was to examine the learning and memory abilities of a group of infants born full-term compared with those of a comparison group. Little is known about the learning and memory abilities in infants born preterm, a group at known risk for future impairments in learning and movement. The second purpose of this study was to determine if and when an age-adjusted group of infants born prematurely display associative learning and memory abilities over a 6-week period. Subjects. Ten infants born full-term (38–42 weeks gestational age [GA]) and 10 infants born preterm (<33 weeks GA and <2,500 g) who were tethered and had control over the mobile movement were independently compared with a comparison group of 10 infants born full-term who were tethered and viewed a moving mobile but did not have control over the mobile movement. Infants in all 3 groups were seen at 3 to 4 months of age and were excluded from participation for any known visual or orthopedic diagnoses. Methods. Infants were tested using the mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm, where one leg is tethered to an overhead mobile such that kicking with that leg results in proportional mobile movement. The kicking rates of the full-term group and the preterm group were compared with their own initial (baseline) kicking rates and with those of the comparison group. Results. After exposure to the conjugate relationship between kicking and mobile movement, the full-term group kicked more frequently compared with their own baseline levels and compared with the comparison group, fulfilling both criteria for learning and memory. In contrast, the preterm group did not increase their kicking rate according to both criteria. Discussion and Conclusion. These results suggest that infants born prematurely differ in their performance in the mobile paradigm as compared with age-matched infants born full-term. The mobile paradigm may provide clinicians with an important early assessment of infants' associative learning and memory abilities. Follow-up studies are needed, however, to further validate this paradigm as a clinical assessment tool.


2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Lamm ◽  
Heidi Keller

Zusammenfassung. Menschliche Entwicklung vollzieht sich in der Interaktion von Biologie und Kultur. Deshalb müssen die jeweiligen öko-kulturellen Kontextbedingungen bei der Untersuchung von Entwicklung berücksichtigt werden. Untersuchungen in verschiedenen öko-kulturellen Kontexten stellen jedoch große Anforderungen an die verwendeten Untersuchungsmethoden. In dem vorliegenden Überblicksartikel werden diese methodischen Herausforderungen dargestellt und anhand von empirischen Beispielen aus dem Bereich der Kulturvergleichenden Forschung zur Lern- und Gedächtnisentwicklung von Säuglingen verdeutlicht. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf das Habituationsparadigma, die Mobile-Aufgabe (mobile conjugate reinforcement task) sowie die A-nicht-B-Suchaufgabe. Lösungsmöglichkeiten werden entwickelt und mögliche Forschungsstrategien diskutiert.


1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Mira

Listening, a significant dimension of the behavior of hearing-impaired children, may be measured directly by recording childrens' responses to obtain audio narrations programmed via a conjugate reinforcement system. Twelve hearing-impaired, school-aged children responded in varying ways to the opportunity to listen. Direct and continuous measurement of listening has relevance for evaluation of remediation methods and for discovery of variables potentially related to listening.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Comishen ◽  
Scott A. Adler

The capacity to process and incorporate temporal information into behavioural decisions is an integral component for functioning in our environment. Whereas previous research has extended adults’ temporal processing capacity down the developmental timeline to infants, little research has examined infants’ capacity to use that temporal information in guiding their future behaviours and whether this capacity can detect event-timing differences on the order of milliseconds. The present study examined 3- and 6-month-old infants’ ability to process temporal durations of 700 and 1200 milliseconds by means of the Visual Expectation Cueing Paradigm in which the duration of a central stimulus predicted either a target appearing on the left or on the right of a screen. If 3- and 6-month-old infants could discriminate the milliseconds difference between the centrally-presented temporal cues, then they would correctly make anticipatory eye movements to the proper target location at a rate above chance. Results indicated that 6- but not 3-month-olds successfully discriminated and incorporated events’ temporal information into their visual expectations. Brain maturation and the perceptual capacity to discriminate the relative timing values of temporal events may account for these findings. This developmental limitation in processing and discriminating events on the scale of milliseconds, consequently, may be a limiting factor for attentional and cognitive development that has not previously been explored.


1998 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara S. Wass ◽  
April A. Lewis ◽  
Marshall M. Haith

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Teubert ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
Ina Fassbender ◽  
Isabel A. Vöhringer ◽  
Janina Suhrke ◽  
...  

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