Modeling Intraindividual Variability in Three-Level Multilevel Models

Methodology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Katharina Geukes ◽  
Mitja D. Back
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract. The mixed-effects location scale model is an extension of a multilevel model for longitudinal data. It allows covariates to affect both the within-subject variance and the between-subject variance (i.e., the intercept variance) beyond their influence on the means. Typically, the model is applied to two-level data (e.g., the repeated measurements of persons), although researchers are often faced with three-level data (e.g., the repeated measurements of persons within specific situations). Here, we describe an extension of the two-level mixed-effects location scale model to such three-level data. Furthermore, we show how the suggested model can be estimated with Bayesian software, and we present the results of a small simulation study that was conducted to investigate the statistical properties of the suggested approach. Finally, we illustrate the approach by presenting an example from a psychological study that employed ecological momentary assessment.

What time do you plan to sleep tonight? An intense longitudinal study of adolescent daily sleep self-regulation via planning and its associations with sleep opportunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Maskevich ◽  
Lin Shen ◽  
Sean Drummond ◽  
Bei Bei
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
White Adolescents ◽  
P Values ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Background: Most adolescents are sleep deprived on school days, yet how they self-regulate their sleep-wake behaviours is poorly understood. Using ecological momentary assessment, this intense longitudinal study explored patterns of adolescents’ daily bedtime and risetime planning and execution, and whether these behaviours predicted sleep opportunity.Methods: Every afternoon, for 2 school weeks and the subsequent 2 vacation weeks, 205 (54.1% female, 64.4% non-White) adolescents from Year 10-12 (M±SDage = 16.9±0.9) reported their plans for bedtime (BT) that evening, and for risetimes (RT) the following day. Actual daily sleep was measured via actigraphy and sleep diary.Results: Some adolescents never planned bedtime (school 19.5%, non-school 53.2%) or risetime (school 1.5%, non-school 24.4%). More adolescents planned consistently (≥75% of days) on schooldays (BT=29.9%, RT=61.3%) compared on non-schooldays (BT=3.5%, RT=2.5%). On average adolescents went to bed later than planned, delaying their bedtime longer on non-schooldays (71min) compared to schooldays (46min). Of those who executed their plans within ≤15 minutes, more did it consistently (≥75% of days) on schooldays (BT=40.9%, RT=67.7%) than on non-schooldays (BT=29.7%, RT=58.6%). Mixed effects models utilizing daily data, controlling for sex, race, and study day, showed that bedtime planning predicted longer time in bed (TIB; p < .01) on schooldays and shorter TIB on non-schooldays (p < .01); greater delay in actual (compared to planned) bedtime predicted shorter TIB (p-values < .001).Conclusions: Adolescents may require support during the transition from parent-controlled to autonomous sleep self-regulation. Bedtime planning on school nights and going to bed as planned are two modifiable sleep regulatory behaviours that are protective and may serve as therapeutic targets for increasing sleep opportunity in adolescents.

scholarly journals Concordance and predictors of concordance of children’s dietary intake as reported via ecological momentary assessment and 24 h recall

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney G O’Connor ◽  
Wangjing Ke ◽  
Eldin Dzubur ◽  
Susan Schembre ◽  
Genevieve F Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

AbstractObjectiveTo provide preliminary evidence in support of using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a real-time data capture method involving repeated assessments, to measure dietary intake in children by examining the concordance of children’s dietary reports through EMA and 24 h recall.DesignChildren completed eight days of EMA surveys, reporting on recent dietary intake of four pre-specified food categories (‘Fruits or Vegetables’, ‘Chips or Fries’, ‘Pastries or Sweets’, ‘Soda or Energy Drinks’), and completed two 24 h recalls during the same period. Concordance of children’s reports of intake during matched two-hour time windows from EMA and 24 h dietary recall was assessed using cross-tabulation. Multilevel logistic regression examined potential person-level (i.e. sex, age, ethnicity and BMI category) predictors of concordance.SettingChildren in Los Angeles County, USA, enrolled in the Mothers’ and Their Children’s Health (MATCH) study.SubjectsOne hundred and forty-four 144 children (53 % female; mean age 9·6 (sd 0·9) years; 34·0 % overweight/obese).ResultsTwo-hour concordance varied by food category, ranging from 64·9 % for ‘Fruits/Vegetables’ to 89·9 % for ‘Soda/Energy Drinks’. In multilevel models, overweight/obese (v. lean) was associated with greater odds (OR; 95 % CI) of concordant reporting for ‘Soda/Energy Drinks’ (2·01; 1·06, 4·04) and ‘Pastries/Sweets’ (1·61; 1·03, 2·52). Odds of concordant reporting were higher for Hispanic (v. non-Hispanic) children for ‘Pastries/Sweets’ (1·55; 1·02, 2·36) and for girls (v. boys) for ‘Fruits/Vegetables’ (1·36; 1·01, 1·83).ConclusionsConcordance differed by food category as well as by person-level characteristics. Future research should continue to explore use of EMA to facilitate dietary assessment in children.

scholarly journals Exploring the Time Trend of Stress Levels While Using the Crowdsensing Mobile Health Platform, TrackYourStress, and the Influence of Perceived Stress Reactivity: Ecological Momentary Assessment Pilot Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Pryss ◽  
Dennis John ◽  
Winfried Schlee ◽  
Wolff Schlotz ◽  
Johannes Schobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND The mobile phone app, TrackYourStress (TYS), is a new crowdsensing mobile health platform for ecological momentary assessments of perceived stress levels. OBJECTIVE In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate the time trend of stress levels while using TYS for the entire population being studied and whether the individuals’ perceived stress reactivity moderates stress level changes while using TYS. METHODS Using TYS, stress levels were measured repeatedly with the 4-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), and perceived stress reactivity was measured once with the Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale (PSRS). A total of 78 nonclinical participants, who provided 1 PSRS assessment and at least 4 repeated PSS-4 measurements, were included in this pilot study. Linear multilevel models were used to analyze the time trend of stress levels and interactions with perceived stress reactivity. RESULTS Across the whole sample, stress levels did not change while using TYS (<italic>P</italic>=.83). Except for one subscale of the PSRS, interindividual differences in perceived stress reactivity did not influence the trajectories of stress levels. However, participants with higher scores on the PSRS subscale reactivity to failure showed a stronger increase of stress levels while using TYS than participants with lower scores (<italic>P</italic>=.04). CONCLUSIONS TYS tracks the stress levels in daily life, and most of the results showed that stress levels do not change while using TYS. Controlled trials are necessary to evaluate whether it is specifically TYS or any other influence that worsens the stress levels of participants with higher reactivity to failure.

scholarly journals MATTERS OF THE HEART: DAILY SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY IN MIDDLE AND OLD AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S741-S741
Author(s):  
Kira S Birditt ◽  
Angela Turkelson ◽  
Meaghan Mones ◽  
Kayvan Najarian ◽  
Richard Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
White Men ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Social ties are essential for survival but the mechanisms accounting for this link are unclear. This study examined links between daily interpersonal experiences and cardiovascular reactivity. A total of 34 participants (aged 40 to 80) completed ecological momentary assessment surveys every three hours for 4 days and wore a device that assessed heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). Multilevel models revealed that a greater number of social interactions and negative social interactions predicted increased HR. Links between social interactions and cardiovascular reactivity varied by gender and race. A greater number of interactions and negative interactions predicted increased HRV among men and not women. A greater number of social interactions predicted increased HR among Black individuals and White women but not White men. Thus, social interactions appear to get under the skin via the cardiovascular system but in unique ways that vary by gender and race.

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