scholarly journals The Temporal Context Model in Spatial Navigation and Relational Learning: Toward a Common Explanation of Medial Temporal Lobe Function Across Domains.

2005 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Howard ◽  
Mrigankka S. Fotedar ◽  
Aditya V. Datey ◽  
Michael E. Hasselmo
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Relational Learning ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Context Model

scholarly journals Medial Temporal Lobe Amnesia Is Associated with a Deficit in Recovering Temporal Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela J. Palombo ◽  
Joseph M. Di Lascio ◽  
Marc W. Howard ◽  
Mieke Verfaellie
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Response Probability ◽  
Temporal Contiguity ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Context Model ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Psychological Review ◽  
Conditional Response

Medial-temporal lobe (MTL) lesions are associated with severe impairments in episodic memory. In the framework of the temporal context model, the hypothesized mechanism for episodic memory is the reinstatement of a prior experienced context (i.e., “jump back in time”), which relies upon the MTL [Howard, M. W., Fotedar, M. S., Datey, A. V., & Hasselmo, M. E. The temporal context model in spatial navigation and relational learning: Toward a common explanation of medial temporal lobe function across domains. Psychological Review, 112, 75–116, 2005]. This hypothesis has proven difficult to test in amnesia because of the floor-level performance by patients in recall tasks. To circumvent this issue, in this study, we used a “looped-list” format, in which a set of verbal stimuli was presented multiple times in a consistent order. This allowed for comparison of statistical properties such as probability of first recall and lag-conditional response probability (lag-CRP) between amnesic patients and healthy controls. Results revealed that the lag-CRP, but not the probability of first recall, is altered in amnesia, suggesting a selective disruption of temporal contiguity. To further characterize the results, we fit a scale-invariant version of the temporal context model [Howard, M. W., Shankar, K. H., Aue, W. R., & Criss, A. H. A distributed representation of internal time. Psychological Review, 122, 24–53, 2015] to the probability of first recall and lag-CRP curves. The modeling results suggested that the deficit in temporal contiguity in amnesia is best described as a failure to recover temporal context. These results provide the first direct evidence for an impairment in a jump-back-in-time mechanism in patients with MTL amnesia.

scholarly journals Medial temporal lobe amnesia is associated with a deficit in recovering temporal context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Palombo ◽  
Joseph M. Di Lascio ◽  
Marc Howard ◽  
Mieke Verfaellie
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Response Probability ◽  
Temporal Contiguity ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Context Model ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Conditional Response ◽  
Verbal Stimuli

Medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions are associated with severe impairments in episodic memory. In the framework of the Temporal Context Model (TCM), the hypothesized mechanism for episodic memory is the reinstatement of a prior experienced context (i.e., “jump back in time”), which relies upon the MTL (Howard, Fotedar, Datey, & Hasselmo, 2005). This hypothesis has proven difficult to test in amnesia due to floor-level performance by patients in recall tasks. To circumvent this issue, in the present study we used a “looped-list” format, in which a set of verbal stimuli was presented multiple times in a consistent order. This allowed for comparison of statistical properties such as probability of first recall and lag conditional response probability (lag-CRP) between amnesic patients and healthy controls. Results revealed that the lag-CRP, but not the probability of first recall, is altered in amnesia, suggesting a selective disruption of temporal contiguity. To further characterize the results, we fit a scale-invariant version of TCM (Howard, Shankar, Aue, & Criss, 2015) to the probability of first recall and lag-CRP curves. The modeling results suggested that the deficit in temporal contiguity in amnesia is best described as a failure to recover temporal context. These results provide the first direct evidence for an impairment in a jump-back-in-time mechanism in patients with MTL amnesia.

Children show adult-like hippocampal pattern separation for familiar but not novel events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Benear ◽  
Elizabeth A. Horwath ◽  
Emily Cowan ◽  
M. Catalina Camacho ◽  
Chi Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Pattern Similarity

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) undergoes critical developmental change throughout childhood, which aligns with developmental changes in episodic memory. We used representational similarity analysis to compare neural pattern similarity for children and adults in hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex during naturalistic viewing of clips from the same movie or different movies. Some movies were more familiar to participants than others. Neural pattern similarity was generally lower for clips from the same movie, indicating that related content taxes pattern separation-like processes. However, children showed this effect only for movies with which they were familiar, whereas adults showed the effect consistently. These data suggest that children need more exposures to stimuli in order to show mature pattern separation processes.

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