Backward pattern masking can vary as a nonmonotonic function of target duration: On the influence of intratarget metacontrast.

1977 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Brussell ◽  
Olga E. Favreau
Keyword(s):  
Target Duration ◽  
Nonmonotonic Function ◽  
Pattern Masking

Sex Differences in Time Production Revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Glicksohn ◽  
Yamit Hadad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Target Duration ◽  
Log P ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Production ◽  
T Score

Individual differences in time production should indicate differences in the rate of functioning of an internal clock, assuming the existence of such a clock. And sex differences in time production should reflect a difference in the rate of functioning of that clock between men and women. One way of approaching the data is to compute individual regressions of produced duration (P) on target duration (T), after log transformation, and to derive estimates for the intercept and the slope. One could investigate a sex difference by comparing these estimates for men and women; one could also contrast them by looking at mean log(P). Using such indices, we found a sex difference in time production, female participants having a relatively faster internal clock, making shorter time productions, and having a smaller exponent. The question is whether a sex difference in time production would be found using other methods for analyzing the data: (1) the P/T ratio; (2) an absolute discrepancy (|P-T|) score; and (3) an absolute error (|P-T|/T) score. For the P/T ratio, female participants have a lower mean ratio in comparison to the male participants. In contrast, the |P-T| and |P-T|/T indices seem to be seriously compromised by wide individual differences.

Backward Visual Masking with Homogeneous and Patterned Stimuli: Comparison of Retarded and Nonretarded Subjects

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Galbraith ◽  
Jack B. Gliddon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Masking ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Test Flash ◽  
Pattern Masking ◽  
Actual Degree

10 mentally retarded and 10 age-matched nonretarded (normal) Ss were tested under two conditions of backward visual masking: with a homogeneous masking flash and with a pattern masking flash. The results showed that retardates had higher thresholds (impaired detection of the test flash) than nonretardates under both masking conditions, but especially with the pattern masking flash. These results are interpreted in light of published reports that masking with a homogeneous flash occurs peripherally, while masking with a pattern flash occurs centrally. Hence, the inferior performance of retardates under conditions of pattern masking implies primarily central perceptual deficits. In addition, evidence is presented that such deficits may be related to the actual degree of intellectual ability.

Does Integration Produce Masking or Protect from it?

Perception ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Navon ◽  
Dean Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Type B ◽  
Visual Resolution ◽  
Pattern Masking

To examine the role of integration in pattern masking, possible disruptive effects of integration were minimized by using a mask that overlaid completely all targets. Exposure durations were 10 ms, so under energy summation the target area was much darker than the rest. In another condition the mask was red and targets were blue, so under energy summation the target area could also be distinguished by hue. Masking magnitude increased with delay of mask onset, and it was established by four independent criteria that integration was negligible in the condition which produced most masking. It is deduced that integration is not necessary for masking; furthermore it is suggested that integration never produces masking, but rather may or may not protect from a disruptive effect of interruption. The argument is that were the visual system to have better visual resolution, it would suffer more given the same masking parameters. It is argued that type B masking functions arise from a combination of the facilitatory effect of integration and the detrimental effect of interruption.

How does target duration affect object substitution masking?

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Gellatly ◽  
Michael Pilling ◽  
Wakefield Carter ◽  
Duncan Guest
Keyword(s):  
Target Duration ◽  
Object Substitution Masking ◽  
Object Substitution

Is pattern masking predicted by the cross-correlation between signal and mask?

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Caelli ◽  
Giampaolo Moraglia
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Pattern Masking ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Multiple Irrelevant Duration Information Affects the Perception of Relevant Duration Information: Interference With Selective Processing of Duration

i-Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 204166952097322
Author(s):  
Hitomi Kawahara ◽  
Yuko Yotsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Target Duration ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Duration Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selective Processing ◽  
Perceived Duration

In the human visual environment, the ability to perceive only relevant duration is important for various activities. However, a relatively small number of studies have investigated how humans process multiple durations, in comparison with the processing of one or two durations. We investigated the effects of multiple irrelevant durations on the perception of relevant duration. In four behavioral experiments, the participants were instructed to pay attention to a target stimulus while ignoring the distractors; then, they reproduced the target duration. We manipulated three aspects of the distractors: number, duration range, and cortical distance to the target. The results showed that the presence of multiple irrelevant durations interfered with the processing of relevant duration in terms of the mean perceived duration and the variability of the perceived duration. The interference was directional; that is, longer (shorter) irrelevant durations made the reproduced durations longer (shorter). Moreover, the interference was not likely to depend on the cortical distance between the target and the distractors, suggesting an involvement of relatively higher cortical areas. These results demonstrate that multiple irrelevant duration information affects the temporal processing of relevant duration information and suggest that multiple independent clocks assigned to each of the durations may not exist.

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