THE TEMPERATURE STATE OF A PLANE DIELECTRIC LAYER AT CONSTANT VOLTAGE AND FIXED TEMPERATURE OF ONE OF THE SURFACES OF THIS LAYER

The paper formulates the nonlinear problem of steady-state heat conduction at the constant electric potential difference on the surfaces of a plane dielectric layer with the temperature-dependent heat conduction coefficient and electrical resistivity. A fixed temperature value is set on one of the layer surfaces, and the convective heat exchange with the ambient medium occurs on the opposite surface. The formulation of the problem is transformed into integral ratios, which allows the calculation of the temperature distribution over the layer thickness, governed both by the monotonic and nonmonotonic function. The quantitative assay of the temperature state of a layer of a polymer dielectric made of amorphous polycarbonate is given as an example, as well as the analysis of nonuniformity of the absolute value of electric field intensity over the thickness of this layer.

The PPP View of Multihorizon Currency Risk Premiums

Exposures of expected future nominal depreciation rates to the current interest rate differential violate the UIP hypothesis in a pattern that is a nonmonotonic function of horizon. Forward expected nominal depreciation rates are monotonic. We explain the two patterns by simultaneously incorporating the weak form of PPP into a joint model of the stochastic discount factor, the nominal exchange rate, and domestic and foreign yield curves. Departures from PPP generate the first pattern. The risk premiums for these departures generate the second pattern. Thus, the variance of the stochastic discount factor is related to the real exchange rate.

Fluctuation-induced force in homogeneous isotropic turbulence

Understanding force generation in nonequilibrium systems is a notable challenge in statistical physics. We uncover a fluctuation-induced force between two plates immersed in homogeneous isotropic turbulence using direct numerical simulations. The force is a nonmonotonic function of plate separation. The mechanism of force generation reveals an intriguing analogy with fluctuation-induced forces: In a fluid, energy and vorticity are localized in regions of defined length scales. When varying the distance between the plates, we exclude energy structures modifying the overall pressure on the plates. At intermediate plate distances, the intense vorticity structures (worms) are forced to interact in close vicinity between the plates. This interaction affects the pressure in the slit and the force between the plates. The combination of these two effects causes a nonmonotonic attractive force with a complex Reynolds number dependence. Our study sheds light on how length scale–dependent distributions of energy and high-intensity vortex structures determine Casimir forces.

Зависимость динамического предела текучести бинарных сплавов от плотности дислокаций при высокоэнергетических воздействиях

The above-barrier motion of edge dislocations under high-energy impacts on binary alloys containing Guinier-Preston zones is theoretically analyzed. It is shown that in the case of high strain rate deformation of such alloys, the dependence of the yield strength on the dislocation density deviates from the Taylor relation and is a nonmonotonic function with a maximum. The position of the maximum corresponds to the density of dislocations, at which their contribution to the formation of the spectral gap becomes dominant.

Study on Pulse Characteristic of Produced Crude Composition in CO2 Flooding Pilot Test

It has been observed in many laboratory tests that the carbon number of the maximum concentration components (CNMCC) of produced oil varies monotonically with CO2 injection volume at the core scale. However, in CO2 flooding pilot test at the field scale, we find that the CNMCC is usually nonmonotonic function of CO2 injection volume, which is called “pulse characteristic” of CNMCC. To investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon, we analyze the physical process of CO2 flooding in heterogeneous reservoir and explain the reason of the pulse characteristic of CNMCC. Moreover, two 3D reservoir models with 35 nonaqueous components are proposed for numerical simulation to validate the conjecture. The simulation results show that pulse characteristic of CNMCC only occurs in the heterogeneous model, confirming that the pulse characteristic results from the channeling path between wells, which yields nonmonotonic variation of oil-CO2 mixing degree. Based on it, a new method can be developed to identify and quantify the reservoir heterogeneity.

Rotation in a gravitational billiard

Gravitational billiards composed of a viscoelastic frictional disk bouncing on a vibrating wedge have been studied previously, but only from the point of view of their translational behavior. In this work, the average rotational velocity of the disk is studied under various circumstances. First, an experimental realization is briefly presented, which shows sustained rotation when the wedge is tilted. Next, this phenomenon is scrutinized in close detail using a precise numerical implementation of frictional forces. We show that the bouncing disk acquires a spontaneous rotational velocity whenever the wedge angle is not bisected by the direction of gravity. Our molecular dynamics (MD) results are well reproduced by event-driven (ED) simulations. When the wedge aperture angle [Formula: see text], the average tangential velocity [Formula: see text] of the disk scales with the typical wedge vibration velocity [Formula: see text], and is in general a nonmonotonic function of the overall tilt angle [Formula: see text] of the wedge. The present work focuses on wedges with [Formula: see text], which are relevant for the problem of spontaneous rotation in vibrated disk packings. This study makes part of the PhD Thesis of G. G. Peraza-Mues.

MULTI-CHANNEL CONTAGION IN DYNAMIC INTERBANK MARKET NETWORK

In this paper, a dynamic interbank market network model based on bank agent behaviors is developed to analyze financial contagion with counter-party and liquidity channels. Afterwards, we analyze the impact of dynamics on the stability of interbank market and find that dynamics of interbank market could enhance the resilience of the network, which suggests contagion might be overestimated in current studies. Moreover, we investigate the mechanism of contagion when counter-party and liquidity channels are both active in the dynamic interbank market network. Specifically, we analyze the effects of bank capitalization, interbank exposures, liquid assets, and bank credit lending preference on the stability of the banking system, respectively. First, we find that liquidity in interbank market and fluctuations of deposits could amplify the negative impact of each other on the resilience of interbank market network. Second, banks with higher capitalization level tend to be more resilient against financial contagion. Third, interbank exposures may have multiple effects on the resilience of interbank market network. Fourth, the resilience of interbank market network is a nonmonotonic function of percentage of liquid assets. Finally, we discover a complex relationship between bank credit lending preference and the resilience of interbank market.

Stochastic Resonance in a Multistable System Driven by Gaussian Noise

Stochastic resonance (SR) is investigated in a multistable system driven by Gaussian white noise. Using adiabatic elimination theory and three-state theory, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived. We find the effects of the noise intensity and the resonance system parametersb,c, anddon the SNR; the results show that SNR is a nonmonotonic function of the noise intensity; therefore, a multistable SR is found in this system, and the value of the peak changes with changing the system parameters.

Dynamics of Self-monitoring and Error Detection in Speech Production: Evidence from Mental Imagery and MEG

A critical subroutine of self-monitoring during speech production is to detect any deviance between expected and actual auditory feedback. Here we investigated the associated neural dynamics using MEG recording in mental-imagery-of-speech paradigms. Participants covertly articulated the vowel /a/; their own (individually recorded) speech was played back, with parametric manipulation using four levels of pitch shift, crossed with four levels of onset delay. A nonmonotonic function was observed in early auditory responses when the onset delay was shorter than 100 msec: Suppression was observed for normal playback, but enhancement for pitch-shifted playback; however, the magnitude of enhancement decreased at the largest level of pitch shift that was out of pitch range for normal conversion, as suggested in two behavioral experiments. No difference was observed among different types of playback when the onset delay was longer than 100 msec. These results suggest that the prediction suppresses the response to normal feedback, which mediates source monitoring. When auditory feedback does not match the prediction, an “error term” is generated, which underlies deviance detection. We argue that, based on the observed nonmonotonic function, a frequency window (addressing spectral difference) and a time window (constraining temporal difference) jointly regulate the comparison between prediction and feedback in speech.