The influence of encoding condition, bizarreness, and prior recall on frequency judgments

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Worthen ◽  
Michelle Zoll
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Judgments

Effects of Response Range in Frequency Judgments of Common versus Uncommon Events

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1371-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihiko Yamagishi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Frequency Estimation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Frequency Judgments ◽  
Response Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wide Condition

Frequency estimation of social facts was compared between two methods of response elicitation. In the “narrow range” method, respondents answered questions like: “Out of 100 instances, how many instances belong to category X?”. In the “wide range” method, the same question was asked regarding “Out of 10,000.” A previous study in 1994 showed that judged frequencies were proportionally greater in the narrow condition than in the wide condition when subjects estimated the occurrence of low-frequency events. These results were interpreted to reflect cognitive processes of anchoring, wherein judged frequencies he close to small numbers within particular response ranges. The current work extends this argument to high-frequency events. In such cases, judgments about high-frequency events would be reached by similar cognitive processes operating toward the opposite direction. Hence, I predicted that judged frequencies for high-frequency events would be proportionally greater in the wide than in the narrow condition. Results were mostly consistent with these predictions. The relation to previous research is discussed.

scholarly journals The frequency of cortical microstimulation shapes artificial touch

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 1191-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierri Callier ◽  
Nathan W. Brantly ◽  
Attilio Caravelli ◽  
Sliman J. Bensmaia
Keyword(s):  
Neural Coding ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Sensation Magnitude ◽  
Frequency Judgments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tactile Sensations

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the somatosensory cortex evokes vivid tactile sensations and can be used to convey sensory feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands. Changes in ICMS frequency lead to changes in the resulting sensation, but the discriminability of frequency has only been investigated over a narrow range of low frequencies. Furthermore, the sensory correlates of changes in ICMS frequency remain poorly understood. Specifically, it remains to be elucidated whether changes in frequency only modulate sensation magnitude—as do changes in amplitude—or whether they also modulate the quality of the sensation. To fill these gaps, we trained monkeys to discriminate the frequency of ICMS pulse trains over a wide range of frequencies (from 10 to 400 Hz). ICMS amplitude also varied across stimuli to dissociate sensation magnitude from ICMS frequency and ensure that animals could not make frequency judgments based on magnitude. We found that animals could consistently discriminate ICMS frequency up to ∼200 Hz but that the sensory correlates of frequency were highly electrode dependent: On some electrodes, changes in frequency were perceptually distinguishable from changes in amplitude—seemingly giving rise to a change in sensory quality; on others, they were not. We discuss the implications of our findings for neural coding and for brain-controlled bionic hands.

scholarly journals The bounded rationality of probability distortion

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 22024-22034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Xiangjuan Ren ◽  
Laurence T. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Frequency Judgments ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
Better Than

In decision making under risk (DMR) participants’ choices are based on probability values systematically different from those that are objectively correct. Similar systematic distortions are found in tasks involving relative frequency judgments (JRF). These distortions limit performance in a wide variety of tasks and an evident question is, Why do we systematically fail in our use of probability and relative frequency information? We propose a bounded log-odds model (BLO) of probability and relative frequency distortion based on three assumptions: 1) log-odds: probability and relative frequency are mapped to an internal log-odds scale, 2) boundedness: the range of representations of probability and relative frequency are bounded and the bounds change dynamically with task, and 3) variance compensation: the mapping compensates in part for uncertainty in probability and relative frequency values. We compared human performance in both DMR and JRF tasks to the predictions of the BLO model as well as 11 alternative models, each missing one or more of the underlying BLO assumptions (factorial model comparison). The BLO model and its assumptions proved to be superior to any of the alternatives. In a separate analysis, we found that BLO accounts for individual participants’ data better than any previous model in the DMR literature. We also found that, subject to the boundedness limitation, participants’ choice of distortion approximately maximized the mutual information between objective task-relevant values and internal values, a form of bounded rationality.

Frequency Judgments in an Auditing-Related Task

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane L. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Judgments

Frequency judgments: The problem of defining a perceptual event.

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia K. Johnson ◽  
Mary A. Peterson ◽  
Evan C. Yap ◽  
Patricia M. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Judgments

Establishing Validity of Anagram Verbalization

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366
Author(s):  
Steven M. Rosen ◽  
Harvey B. Taub
Keyword(s):  
False Recognition ◽  
Stimulus List ◽  
Recognition Procedure ◽  
Frequency Judgments

Underwood's (1965) false recognition procedure was adapted to validate the method of anagram verbalization. Overt anagram verbalizations collected from 10 Ss during an earlier study were presented with varying frequency as sound stimuli to a second sample, after the same anagrams were attempted covertly. Following the stimulus list, the second sample of Ss ( N = 29) estimated the number of times each sound had been read. Frequency judgments of sounds which had occurred commonly among Ss in the previous study were significantly greater than judgments of sounds occurring only once in the first sample. It is concluded that sounds which appeared frequently on an overt basis also occurred covertly, inflating subsequent estimates of list occurrence. The findings are interpreted as validating the method of anagram verbalization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document