Museum of Outstanding Figures in Ukrainian Culture

This paper deals with a famous problem of epistemic logic – logical omniscience. Logical omniscience occurs in the logical systems where the axiomatics is complete and consequently an agent using inference rules knows everything about the system. Logical omniscience is a major problem due to complexity problems and the inability for adequate human reasoning modeling. It is studied both informal logic and philosophy of psychology (bounded rationality). It is important for bounded rationality because it reflects the problem of formal characterization of purely psychological mechanisms. Paper proposes to solve it using the ideas from the philosophical bounded rationality and intuitionistic logic. Special regions of deductible formulas developed according to psychologistic criterion should guide the deductive model. The method is compared to other ones presented in the literature on logical omniscience such as Hintikka’s and Vinkov and Fominuh. Views from different perspectives such as computer science and artificial intelligence are also provided.

Robust, resilient, agile and improvisatory styles in policymaking: the social organisation of anomaly, risk and policy decay

This theory development article employs neo-Durkheimian institutional theory to present a fresh understanding of policy styles in the policy process. Calls for resilient, robust, agile and improvisatory policymaking are not readily compatible with each other. Each of these styles carries risks and each generates anomalies. Each tends to decay over time. Governments should therefore expect risks of inconsistency and decay in policymaking shaped by these styles. The article argues that these styles, and their risks and tensions, and the trajectories of their decay all arise from the contrasting forms of informal social organisation among policymakers in which they are cultivated. These forms of social organisation give rise to distinct types of bounded rationality, which shape decision-making differently in each ordering.

ANALISIS PEMBENTUKAN JUDGEMENT AUDITOR PADA PENILAIAN RISIKO FRAUD: PERSPEKTIF BOUNDED RATIONALITY THEORY

Audit eksternal memberikan kepercayaan publik terhadap laporan keuangan. Namun profesi tersebut sangat rentan terhadap kasus fraud. Sehingga kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap kualitas penilaian auditor eksternal menurun. Telah banyak penelitian yang membahas tentang faktor-faktor penyebab kegagalan audit dan kualitas audit. Namun, hanya sedikit yang diketahui tentang pertanyaan mendasar: bagaimana rasionalitas individu auditor mempengaruhi penilaian audit? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembentukan judgement auditor pada penilaian risiko kecurangan dengan menggunakan model konsep bounded rationality. Penulis menggunakan penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dengan melibatkan satu unit analisis dalam bentuk auditor individu, dan diskusi dilakukan seputar ruang lingkup perilaku auditor dengan metode wawancara. Untuk menggambarkan penilaian auditor, digunakan model bounded rationality (Sharda et al., 2014) dalam bentuk kombinasi konsep pemecahan masalah (Kaufman, 1992) dan pengambilan keputusan (Simon, 1977) dengan diskusi yang terkait dengan perspektif situasi perilaku sosial (Gibbins, 1984). Kami menemukan bahwa auditor berpegang teguh pada template yang dibangun dari pemahaman lingkungan audit dan secara sistematis dan berurutan menggambarkan tiga proses utama pembentukan penilaian dalam bentuk penyederhanaan, validasi, dan rasionalisasi. Model tersebut juga dapat menunjukkan bahwa tidak hanya konsep satisficing yang terlibat, tetapi konsep aturan penghentian juga mempengaruhi pembentukan penilaian auditor.

The Model of Bounded Rationality: a New Methodological Tool of Economic Theory

The main purpose of this article is to study and analyze the economic behaviour of market participants in real conditions, and to outline the very natural trait of individuals to show bounded rationality. The theoretical framework of bounded rationality is presented, and a comparative analysis is carried out between the neoclassical theory of rational behaviour and the concept of quasi-rational economic agents according to behavioural economics. Special emphasis is placed on the correlation between the decisionmaking process and the concept of limited rationality. This article confirms the thesis that the model of the rational economic individual is not the best model. Research in this area proves that this model has great imperfections, but, at the moment, the empirical material is still not enough to create another, newer and practically applicable model of behaviour of the real economic person, which is characterized by bounded rationality.

Opportunism, bounded rationality and governance choices in exploration alliances: the moderating role of boundary spanners' guanxi

PurposeBy distinguishing opportunism-based and bounded rationality-based transaction costs, the study examines how firms use equity/relational governance and boundary spanners' guanxi to govern their exploration alliances in a transaction cost economizing way.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a survey methodology for data collection, and the sample consists of 150 exploration alliances formed by large Taiwanese information and electronic firms.FindingsFindings of this study show that exploration alliances incur considerable transaction costs and require high-level equity control and relational governance. The positive exploration of alliance-equity ownership relationship will be weakened by boundary spanners' guanxi when guanxi serves to harmonize conflicts and mitigate opportunism-based transaction costs, thereby reducing the need for using costly equity ownership to govern exploration alliances. In contrast, the positive exploration alliance-relational governance relationship will be amplified when guanxi becomes a source of legitimacy in the Chinese guanxi institution. This relation-augmenting effect will drive more relational governance because guanxi and relational governance together allow alliance managers to obtain sufficient legitimacy in the formation of a common dominant frame, thereby mitigating bounded rationality-based transaction costs.Originality/valueBy distinguishing various moderating effects of boundary spanners' guanxi and separating transaction costs into two forms, this study contributes to the existing literature as well as advances our understanding of alliance governance decisions in the Chinese business environment.

PT-MARCOS multi-attribute decision-making method under neutrosophic cubic environment

Neutrosophic cubic set (NCS) can process complex information by combining interval neutrosophic set and single-valued neutrosophic set. It can simultaneously describe the uncertain and certain part of information. Prospect theory (PT) is based on bounded rationality and can reflect decision maker’s different risk attitudes to gains and losses. Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) method can measure and rank the alternatives according to compromise solution. Considering the bounded rationality of decision makers and compromise solution of alternatives, this paper combines the PT with MARCOS method to neutrosophic cubic environment to solve multi-attribute decision-making problem. First, the theoretical basis of NCS is introduced. Second, the PT and MARCOS method are combined. To reflect subjective views of decision makers and the objectivity of decision-making information, this paper uses geometric average method to combine subjective weights (calculated by the best-worst method) and objective weights (calculated ed by the entropy method). Then, the PT-MARCOS method is applied to a decision-making problem. Further,a sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the influence of different attenuation factor values and different expectation coefficient on the ranking; and through comparative analysis to illustrate the superiority of the PT-MARCOS method. Finally is the conclusion.

The Bind of Unilateral Power Dynamics and Youth Voice in School Politics

Research has shown the value of including youth, especially minoritized students, in school- and district-level educational decision-making. However, power dynamics, as related to adultism, along with other inequities, are barriers to youth’s political influence. We elucidate these barriers by exploring the possible relationship between adult-adult power dynamics, on one hand, and levels of student voice in schools, on the other. Interviews with teachers and administrators about youth voice initiatives indicated that bounded rationality illuminates how limiting access to knowledge, a form of power, can impact educator decision-making. In addition, bounded rationality bolsters unilateral power structures and therefore curtails youth voice. However, we also found that building relational power between teachers and students and maneuvering beyond bounded rationality increases opportunities for youth voice.

CONSTRUCTION DISPUTE AND CONTRACT DOCUMENT DEFECTIVENESS: TESTING MODERATING EFFECT OF BIM

Construction dispute is the result of contract incompleteness caused by bounded rationality and uncertainty. These disputes are prevalent and have a detrimental effect on project success in terms of increased cost, low quality of work, loss of profit, time extension, and damaged business and professional relationships. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), this study examines the relationship between contract defectiveness (one of the bounded rationality classes) and dispute occurrence and the moderating effect of BIM on the causal relationship. The result shows that contract document defectiveness has a significant effect on dispute occurrence. Likewise, the multigroup moderation test revealed a significant, positive, and more substantial impact on the BIM user group. Therefore, it can be posited based on this study's findings that BIM has a significant effect on reducing contract document defectiveness, which is one of the potential benefits of its adoption on construction projects.

El problema del coste de la defensa

This article addresses the cost associated to defence, i.e., the resources that societies shall allocate to provide security to their members. It examines the methods and ways for setting and distributing these resources to obtain enough military capabilities for sustaining the perception of security of the citizens. The choice of an allocation that optimises social welfare is rather old and of constant concern. The main novelty of this article is exploring this problem from the bounded rationality of the human being, the imperfect information available, the choices unsupported by economic rationality and the constrained effectiveness of institutions and norms. These issues may drive to allocations that do not necessarily achieve the largest welfare.