Repetition, Proactive Interference, and Temporal Order in Prefrontal Cortex

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren N. Brush ◽  
Bradley R. Postle
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Temporal Order

Representation of the Temporal Order of Visual Objects in the Primate Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 2868-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Ninokura ◽  
Hajime Mushiake ◽  
Jun Tanji
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Order Information ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Lateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Multiple Sequences

Recollecting a past episode involves remembering the temporal order of events. We studied cellular activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) of two monkeys that were required to remember the temporal order in which visual objects appeared and to reach for each object in the same order after a delay. Here, we report the cellular activity in the lateral PFC, focusing on the delay period. We found that 43% of the delay-period activity was selective for the sequence in which the visual objects were presented during the cue period. While the majority of cellular activity was selective for multiple sequences, some cells (31%) were selective for only one of six sequences. Our findings show that PFC cells are involved in holding temporal order information when that information is necessary for planning forthcoming motor behavior.

scholarly journals The posterior cerebellum and inconsistent trait implications when learning the sequence of actions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Pu ◽  
Qianying Ma ◽  
Elien Heleven ◽  
Naem Patemoshela Haihambo ◽  
Frank Van Overwalle
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Temporal Sequences

Abstract It has been proposed that the cerebellum contributes to social cognition. Based on the view that cerebellar internal models create predictions on motions and actions, we hypothesize that the posterior cerebellum supports identifying temporal sequences of persons’ actions as well as detecting inconsistent actions that violate the implied trait. Participants were required to memorize the temporal order of a set of sentences that implied a personality trait. Importantly, the sentence sets were designed in such a way that the first half of each set involved actions that were consistent with the same trait, while the other half was either consistent or inconsistent with that trait. As expected, we found robust posterior cerebellar activation when memorizing the order of the actions, irrespective of trait consistency, but more crucially also for actions implying an inconsistent trait in comparison to consistent trait actions. We also found that the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cerebellum were associated with confidence level in retrieving the sequences. This study supports the hypothesis that the posterior cerebellum identifies and predicts the low-level temporal order of actions and demonstrates for the first time that this area is also involved in the high-level prediction of trait implications of those actions.

scholarly journals Neural Responses in Dorsal Prefrontal Cortex Reflect Proactive Interference during an Auditory Reversal Task

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas A. Francis ◽  
Susanne Radtke-Schuller ◽  
Jonathan B. Fritz ◽  
Shihab A. Shamma
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Reversal Task ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
The Brain

AbstractTask-related plasticity in the brain is triggered by changes in the behavioral meaning of sounds. We investigated plasticity in ferret dorsolateral frontal cortex (dlFC) during an auditory reversal task to study the neural correlates of proactive interference, i.e., perseveration of previously learned behavioral meanings that are no longer task-appropriate. Although the animals learned the task, target recognition decreased after reversals, indicating proactive interference. Frontal cortex responsiveness was consistent with previous findings that dlFC encodes the behavioral meaning of sounds. However, the neural responses observed here were more complex. For example, target responses were strongly enhanced, while responses to non-target tones and noises were weakly enhanced and strongly suppressed, respectively. Moreover, dlFC responsiveness reflected the proactive interference observed in behavior: target responses decreased after reversals, most significantly during incorrect behavioral responses. These findings suggest that the weak representation of behavioral meaning in dlFC may be a neural correlate of proactive interference.Significance StatementNeural activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) is believed to enable cognitive flexibility during sensory-guided behavior. Since PFC encodes the behavioral meaning of sensory events, we hypothesized that weak representation of behavioral meaning in PFC may limit cognitive flexibility. To test this hypothesis, we recorded neural activity in ferret PFC, while ferrets performed an auditory reversal task in which the behavioral meanings of sounds were reversed during experiments. The reversal task enabled us study PFC responses during proactive interference, i.e. perseveration of previously learned behavioral meanings that are no longer task-appropriate. We found that task performance errors increased after reversals while PFC representation of behavioral meaning diminished. Our findings suggest that proactive interference may occur when PFC forms weak sensory-cognitive associations.

scholarly journals Contributions of primate prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe to temporal-order memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (51) ◽  
pp. 13555-13560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Naya ◽  
He Chen ◽  
Cen Yang ◽  
Wendy A. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Temporal Order Memory

Neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies have emphasized the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in maintaining information about the temporal order of events or items for upcoming actions. However, the medial temporal lobe (MTL) has also been considered critical to bind individual events or items to their temporal context in episodic memory. Here we characterize the contributions of these brain areas by comparing single-unit activity in the dorsal and ventral regions of macaque lateral PFC (d-PFC and v-PFC) with activity in MTL areas including the hippocampus (HPC), entorhinal cortex, and perirhinal cortex (PRC) as well as in area TE during the encoding phase of a temporal-order memory task. The v-PFC cells signaled specific items at particular time periods of the task. By contrast, MTL cortical cells signaled specific items across multiple time periods and discriminated the items between time periods by modulating their firing rates. Analysis of the temporal dynamics of these signals showed that the conjunctive signal of item and temporal-order information in PRC developed earlier than that seen in v-PFC. During the delay interval between the two cue stimuli, while v-PFC provided prominent stimulus-selective delay activity, MTL areas did not. Both regions of PFC and HPC exhibited an incremental timing signal that appeared to represent the continuous passage of time during the encoding phase. However, the incremental timing signal in HPC was more prominent than that observed in PFC. These results suggest that PFC and MTL contribute to the encoding of the integration of item and timing information in distinct ways.

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