Refining the maturity principle of personality development by examining facets, close others, and co-maturation

Across adulthood, people tend to experience psychologically adaptive personality trait change, a robust finding known as the maturity principle of personality development. We identify three open areas of inquiry regarding personality maturation and address them in a pre-registered study, using a sample of US adults ages 30-70 who completed a battery of personality questionnaires and were rated by two close others twice over an 11-to-16 year period (Nwave1 = 1,785, Nwave2 = 401). First, it is unclear whether the maturity principle applies to narrower facet-level traits, as there has been little research into facet development across adulthood. We examined 47 facet scales and found that most developed adaptively across ages 30-70, but some did not mature, and three healthy facets (Activity, Openness to Feelings, and Social Potency) declined significantly across adulthood, counter to the maturity principle. Second, no longitudinal research has tested whether personality maturation is perceived similarly by close others. We compared self- and other- rated development and found that close others perceived greater maturation than the self in Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and five facets. Finally, few studies have examined whether traits co-mature in adulthood. We found that correlated change between healthy facets was small in magnitude. Additionally, we found tighter co-maturation in other-reported development than self-reported development. We use these results and past research to expand and refine our understanding of personality maturation across adulthood.

The research of EEG feature extraction and classification for subjects with different organizational commitment

With the development of EEG analysis technology, researchers have gradually explored the correlation between personality trait (such as Big Five personality) and EEG. However, there are still many challenges in model construction. In this paper, we tried to classify the people with different organizational commitment personality trait through EEG. Firstly, we organized the participants to complete the organizational commitment questionnaire and recorded their resting state EEG. We divided 10 subjects into two classes (positive and negative) according to the questionnaire scores. Then, various EEG features including power spectral density, microstate, functional brain network and nonlinear features from segmented EEG sample were extracted as the input of different machine learning classifiers. Next, several evaluation metrics were used to evaluate the results of the cross-validation experiment. Finally, the results show that the EEG power in α band, the weighted clustering coefficient of functional brain network and the Permutation Entropy of EEG are relatively good features for this classification task. Furthermore, the highest classification accuracy rate can reach 79.9% with 0.87 AUC (the area under the ROC). The attempts in this paper may serve as the basis for our future research.

Relation Between Personality Traits and Academic Performance Among University Students of RAKMHSU, UAE-Using a Big Five Model

Introduction Students from diverse health care professions, their personality traits have a positive influence on their academic performance. This is viewed as an indicator of collaborative education and practice for efficient patient care. The health-care professional sciences graduates who join health sciences program should be highly motivated and determined to perform academically well to accomplish their goals. The personality trait assessment gives a holistic approach to know how efficiently students use their cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains for learning which improves patient-doctor relations and ultimately results in patient satisfaction. The objective of the study was to assess the preferred personality trait and to know its relation to their academic performance. Materials and methods The study design adopted was a prospective, cross sectional using a stratified randomized sampling. First year students enrolled for medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy programs at RAKMHSU were included in the study. The Big five model questionnaire was administered to study participants during their self-study hours and data collected were analyzed in SPSS version 18. Results The most common personality trait was openness 43% followed by agreeable 21%. The analysis of their GPA (Grade point average) found that agreeableness had high GPA and Neuroticism had the lowest GPA among all traits. The study also found that high unsuccessful students were seen with Neuroticism (31.5%), Extraversion (26.3%) followed by other traits. Conscientiousness also had positive and significant correlation with AP (p<0.001) along with agreeableness. In conclusion, each student is unique, and their personality trait can be used as an aptitude test tool during their admission process for health care professions related courses.

Traffic Crimes and risky driving: The role of personality and driving anger

The current study aims to examine the influence of personality traits (alternative Zuckerman model) and driving anger in the explanation of risky driving style in individuals convicted for road safety offences (N = 245), using as a basis an adaptation of the context-mediated model. This is a transversal, descriptive study designed to be implemented by means of surveys, in which took part 245 men convicted of road safety offences from five prisons in Galicia (a region in northwestern Spain) took part. The average age of the participants was 38.73 years (Sx-9.61), with a range between 18 and 64 years. All participants had three or more years of driving experience. Our data shows that the Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (Imp-SS) personality trait had a direct and positive effect on dangerous driving, while the Activity (Act) trait had a direct but negative effect. The Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Host) trait, in turn, influenced the risky driving style, but not directly, but by raising driving anger levels, so it acted as a powerful mediator between the Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Hos) trait and the risky driving style. In general, our research partially replicates and expands previous findings regarding the model used, the aggression-hostility personality trait (Agg-Host) was placed in the distal context, driving anger in the proximal context, while age and personality traits Activity (Act) and Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (Imp-SS) were direct predictors. The results of this study may have practical implications for the detection and rehabilitation of offenders and penalties for road safety offences.

Distrust as a psychological phenomenon

Purpose. The article provides a theoretical analysis of the problem of mistrust as a psychological phenomenon that is closely related to trust. Methods. To achieve the purpose of the study, methods of psychosocial approach are used (because mistrust is manifested both internally and externally); subjective approach (because mistrust is an independent psychological phenomenon); system approach (allows to take into account all connections, types, forms, criteria of trust-distrust, as well as determinants, consequences, functions). With the help of these methods the essence of distrust is revealed, which has its own criteria and features. Results. Analysis of domestic and foreign works on the psychological phenomenon of mistrust allows us to consider it as a means of ensuring human existence in the global world. Along with other sciences (philosophy, sociology, culturology, economics), which study trust – distrust, psychology has a number of methodological and technological problems. The connection between self-confidence and trust in the world is investigated. The task of the study is to determine the essence of distrust; to trace the connection between trust in oneself and trust in the world; to expand the notion of distrust as a means of personal security; to study distrust as a personality trait. An important point in the existence of a balance of self-confidence and trust in others is the level of self-reflection (awareness, spirituality), which will provide a person with peace and acceptance in an unknown difficult situation or fear and rejection, which often drives a person to act non-stereotypically or stereotypically. Conclusions. In general, it can be concluded that mistrust can manifest itself in suspicion, jealousy, inner tension, "protection", naivety, conformity, dogmatism, negativism, skepticism, intimophobia, unwillingness to make long-term plans, fear of change, excessive propensity to engage. The existence of a balance of self-confidence and trust in others is the level of self-reflection (awareness, spirituality), which will provide a person with balance and self-efficacy in solving life's problems.