A Meta-Analysis of the Robustness of the Experience-Judgment Accuracy Effect in Clinical Judgment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois A. Pilipis ◽  
Paul M. Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Judgment Accuracy

Experience and Clinical Judgment Accuracy: A Final Meta-Analysis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Spengler ◽  
Michael J. White ◽  
Stefania Aegisdottir
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Judgment Accuracy

The Meta-Analysis of Clinical Judgment Project

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Spengler ◽  
Michael J. White ◽  
Stefanía Ægisdóttir ◽  
Alan S. Maugherman ◽  
Linda A. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Counseling Psychology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Vocational Personality ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
D 12

Clinical and educational experience is one of the most commonly studied variables in clinical judgment research. Contrary to clinicians' perceptions, clinical judgment researchers have generally concluded that accuracy does not improve with increased education, training, or clinical experience. In this meta-analysis, the authors synthesized results from 75 clinical judgment studies where the experience of 4,607 clinicians was assessed in relation to the accuracy of their judgments about mental health (e.g., diagnosis, prognosis, treatment) and psychological issues (e.g., vocational, personality). The authors found a small but reliable effect, d = .12, showing that experience, whether educational or clinical, is positively associated with judgment accuracy. This small effect was robust across several tested moderator models, indicating experienced counselors and clinicians acquire, in general, almost a 13% increase in their decision-making accuracy, regardless of other factors. Results are discussed in light of their implications for clinical judgment research and for counseling psychology training and practice.

A meta-analysis of confidence and judgment accuracy in clinical decision making.

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Miller ◽  
Elliot S. Spengler ◽  
Paul M. Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Judgment Accuracy

Clinical Judgment Accuracy

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Ridley ◽  
Mary Shaw-Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
The Self ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Accurate Judgment ◽  
Professional Psychologists

Clinical judgment is foundational to psychological practice. Accurate judgment forms the basis for establishing reasonable goals and selecting appropriate treatments, which in turn are essential in achieving positive therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, Spengler and colleagues' meta-analytic finding—clinical judgment accuracy improves marginally with traditional education, training, and clinical experience—is disconcerting and should serve as a wake-up call. Now is the time to move with urgency. The authors urge the development of a comprehensive, standardized, and scientifically based metatheory to inform clinical judgment. A metatheory should describe the content of clinical judgment, the process of clinical judgment, and the self-reflection of clinicians. Without employment of such a metatheory and concomitant improvement in clinicians' judgment, professional psychologists are on soft footing in extolling their claim as scientist—practitioners and ethical professionals.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Confidence on Clinical Judgment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Miller ◽  
Elliot S. Spengler ◽  
Paul M. Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Treatment of C3 Glomerulopathy in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Maria L Gonzalez Suarez ◽  
Charat Thongprayoon ◽  
Panupong Hansrivijit ◽  
Karthik Kovvuru ◽  
Swetha R Kanduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Membrane Attack Complex ◽  
Case Series ◽  
High Rate ◽  
C3 Glomerulopathy ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Allograft Function ◽  
Allograft Loss

Background: C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), a rare glomerular disease mediated by alternative complement pathway dysregulation, is associated with a high rate of recurrence and graft loss after kidney transplantation (KTx). We aimed to assess the efficacy of different treatments for C3G recurrence after KTx. Methods: Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database) were searched from inception through 3 May, 2019. Studies were included that reported outcomes of adult KTx recipients with C3G. Effect estimates from individual studies were combined using the random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird., The protocol for this meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42019125718). Results: Twelve studies (7 cohort studies and 5 case series) consisting of 122 KTx patients with C3G (73 C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) and 49 dense deposit disease (DDD)) were included. The pooled estimated rates of allograft loss among KTx patients with C3G were 33% (95% CI: 12–57%) after eculizumab, 42% (95% CI: 2–89%) after therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), and 81% (95% CI: 50–100%) after rituximab. Subgroup analysis based on type of C3G was performed. Pooled estimated rates of allograft loss in C3GN KTx patients were 22% (95% CI: 5–46%) after eculizumab, 56% (95% CI: 6–100%) after TPE, and 70% (95% CI: 24–100%) after rituximab. Pooled estimated rates of allograft loss in DDD KTx patients were 53% (95% CI: 0–100%) after eculizumab. Data on allograft loss in DDD after TPE (1 case series, 0/2 (0%) allograft loss at 6 months) and rituximab (1 cohort, 3/3 (100%) allograft loss) were limited. Among 66 patients (38 C3GN, 28 DDD) who received no treatment (due to stable allograft function at presentation and/or clinical judgment of physicians), pooled estimated rates of allograft loss were 32% (95% CI: 7–64%) and 53% (95% CI: 28–77%) for C3GN and DDD, respectively. Among treated C3G patients, data on soluble membrane attack complex of complement (sMAC) were limited to patients treated with eculizumab (N = 7). 80% of patients with elevated sMAC before eculizumab responded to treatment. In addition, all patients who responded to eculizumab had normal sMAC levels after post-eculizumab. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the lowest incidence of allograft loss (33%) among KTX patients with C3G are those treated with eculizumab. Among those who received no treatment for C3G due to stable allograft function, there is a high incidence of allograft loss of 32% in C3GN and 53% in DDD. sMAC level may help to select good responders to eculizumab.

Syncope Risk Stratification Tools vs Clinical Judgment: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 1126.e13-1126.e25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Costantino ◽  
Giovanni Casazza ◽  
Matthew Reed ◽  
Ilaria Bossi ◽  
Benjamin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Patient Data

scholarly journals Anaesthesiologists’ clinical judgment accuracy regarding preoperative full stomach: Diagnostic study in urgent surgical adult patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 100836
Author(s):  
Louis Delamarre ◽  
Mohamed Srairi ◽  
Lionel Bouvet ◽  
Jean-Marie Conil ◽  
Olivier Fourcade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Full Stomach ◽  
Judgment Accuracy

scholarly journals Theories of clinical judgment and decision-making: A review of the theoretical literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

This paper provides a survey of the terrain of theories of human judgment and decision-making (JDM). It provides an introduction, overview, and some insight into the understanding of some conceptual theories, frameworks, and the literature of JDM. This paper is in no way an exhaustive meta-analysis of the literature on JDM, nor is it intended to be. It does not seek to categorise and compare existing theories of judgment and decision-making or critically evaluate each in terms of others, nor does it seek to reclassify existing categories. Indeed much of the debate in the literature is about that very issue—how researchers and theorists view, characterise, categorise and apply existing theory of JDM in existing philosophies, ‘schools-of-thought’, and professional domains. The problematic, controversial, and, in the view of some researchers, inappropriate attempts to do so are well-documented [1-4]. This paper will provide an overview of the competing accounts that various theories and philosophies place on judgment and decision-making.

scholarly journals Avoiding Methodological Biases in Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Kaufmann ◽  
Ulf-Dietrich Reips ◽  
Katharina Maag Merki
Keyword(s):  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Ecological Fallacy ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Search

Abstract. Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis is the gold standard of meta-analyses. This paper points out several advantages of IPD meta-analysis over classical meta-analysis, such as avoiding aggregation bias (e.g., ecological fallacy or Simpson’s paradox) and shows how its two main disadvantages (time and cost) can be overcome through Internet-based research. Ideally, we recommend carrying out IPD meta-analyses that consider online versus offline data gathering processes and examine data quality. Through a comprehensive literature search, we investigated whether IPD meta-analyses published in the field of educational psychology already follow these recommendations; this was not the case. For this reason, the paper demonstrates characteristics of ideal meta-analysis on teachers’ judgment accuracy and links it to recent meta-analyses on that topic. The recommendations are important for meta-analysis researchers and for readers and reviewers of meta-analyses. Our paper is also relevant to current discussions within the psychological community on study replication.

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