Management Sustainability - past present and future trends

Research related to sustainable management is rapidly increasing in quantity and is found in divergent literature and disciplines. Now is the time to offer a comprehensive review that identifies, synthesizes, and integrates previous research and highlights knowledge gaps and the way forward. This methodical literature search helped systematize 86 articles in the Scopus database published by 2018. Using a systematic and in-depth content analysis using bibliometric techniques, the authors reviewed the articles and identified the main theories used and the methodological orientations in these. articles. This review helps to identify significant knowledge gaps in terms of theoretical orientation and core content. The main contributions of this paper are: to outline and summarize a multilevel analysis of emerging sustainable management literature; integrate and extract potential theoretical contributions in this field; and indicate directions for future research.

Attrition and Retention in Multidisciplinary Weight Management Interventions for Adults with Obesity: A Systematic Review

Background High rates of attrition undermine the success of weight management interventions (WMIs), but a comprehensive understanding of the factors that increase dropout risk remains absent. This is partly explained by heterogeneity of intervention design, and the absence of a universal definition of attrition. This systematic review aimed to identify the factors related to- and predictive of attrition and retention in multidisciplinary WMIs for adults with obesity. Methods The systematic literature search, conducted in Cochrane, Medline, PsycInfo, and Scopus, aimed to identify original research articles published between February 2008 and December 2019. Articles investigating attrition or retention in multidisciplinary WMIs were eligible for inclusion if interventions were for adults (≥18) with obesity identified by body mass index ≥30kg/M2 and lasted ≥6 months. Multidisciplinary was defined as ≥2 interventionist disciplines or professions, for the purpose of this review. Data was synthesised narratively. Results The literature search resulted in seventeen studies which satisfied the inclusion criteria. Attrition rates ranged from 10% at 3-months to 81% at 3-years. The sociodemographic factors associated with reduced risk of attrition included older age, living in less deprived areas, higher levels of education, and female gender. Poor mental health, low social support, high weight loss goals and poor or unsatisfactory results may increase the likelihood of participant dropout, but evidence was limited and inconclusive because of different methodologies, and only a small number of studies investigating some of the variables. Conclusions The scope for targeted retention strategies is limited because few variables were consistently associated with attrition. Until a comprehensive understanding of attrition emerges, WMIs should seek to reduce social inequities in the benefit of WMI provision. Future research should consider factors reported qualitatively, such as intervention expectations and satisfaction, social support, patient-clinician relationships, and logistical barriers. Adopting a universal definition of attrition and de-homogenising participant dropouts would advance future research. As qualitative evidence is limited, exploring participant experiences of WMIs would help understand how attrition rates can be reduced, and in-turn improve WMI effectiveness.

Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome of Spinal Epidural Arachnoid Cysts: A Systematic Review of Case Studies and Reports

Background A spinal epidural arachnoid cyst (SEAC) is a rare clinical entity. We performed a systematic review of the literature to obtain information regarding demographics, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcome of SEACs. Methods A literature search was performed by using the databases PubMed/Medline, PubMed Central, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, and Ovid Medline In-Process. A total of 170 articles were found on literature search. We found 575 cases of SEAC since 1904 for inclusion in the review including three cases which were operated by us. We studied the patient characteristics, clinical features, and management strategies, and evaluated their outcome. Results The average age of presentation was 30 years with a male:female ratio of 1.03:1. They are commonly seen in the thoracic region (42.3%). The length of cyst was more than two vertebral levels in 85.81%. Mean symptom duration was 29 months, with most common presentation being that of compressive myelopathy. A good clinical outcome was present in symptomatic patients who had a shorter symptom duration and underwent complete surgical excision of the SEAC. Age, sex, length of lesion, and presence of dural defect did not have a bearing on the surgical outcome. Conclusion For thoracic compressive myelopathy in a young patient, SEAC should be kept as a differential diagnosis. Surgical complete excision of the cyst with meticulous closure of the dural defect is the standard in management for a good clinical outcome.

Recent Advances on Pharmacology and Chemistry of Pycnanthus angolensis over the last decade (2012-2021)

<i>Pycnanthus angolensis</i>, widely known under its trade name "ilomba", is a medicinal plant from the family Myristicaceae that has occupied a prominent place in African traditional medicine for several decades; its broad application to treat numerous diseases, including malaria, bacterial infections and most recently COVID-19. The various chemical studies undertaken on the plant identified many classes of specialized compounds, including quinone-terpenoids, lignans and isoflavonoids, as the most abundant and bioactive components. The plant is defined as a major asset in developing new potent drugs and deserves further investigation in this regard. This mini-review aims to compile the newly documented findings on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of<i> P. angolensis</i> over the last decade from 2012 to 2021. In this regard, a literature search using the keyword <i>Pycnanthus</i> has been done without language restriction in numerous online libraries, including Scifinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and only papers on <i>Pycnanthus angolensis</i> published after 2011 have been exploited during the writing.

Systematic Review of Intraoperative Blood Salvage in the Surgical Management of Craniosynostosis

Introduction/Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the literature regarding complications associated with intraoperative blood salvage (IOBS) in the setting of surgical management of craniosynostosis. Methods: A systematic review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE by 2 independent reviewers which included any primary literature investigating the use of IOBS in the surgical management of craniosynostosis. Results: The literature search resulted in 354 initial articles. After removing duplicates and articles not written in English, 330 articles underwent title review, resulting in 25 papers for abstract review. A total of 24 manuscripts were reviewed and 9 were deemed appropriate for inclusion of this systematic review. Two of the nine articles mentioned complications as a secondary objective. Conclusion: There is a paucity of current literature measuring the complications of IOBS in craniosynostosis patients undergoing cranial vault reconstruction.

Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Antiphospholipid Syndrome—A Narrative Review

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a common autoimmune pro-thrombotic condition characterised by thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. There are a broad range of neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with APS, from focal symptoms to more global dysfunction. Patients commonly present with transient ischaemic attacks and ischaemic strokes, with identifiable lesions on brain imaging. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains uncertain in other manifestations, such as cognitive dysfunction, seizures, headache and chorea. The aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the various neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with APS. A detailed literature search was applied to PubMed, including citations from 1983 to December 2021.

Rural Otolaryngology Care Disparities: A Scoping Review

Objective To broadly synthesize the literature regarding rural health disparities in otolaryngology, categorize findings, and identify research gaps to stimulate future work. Study Design Scoping review. Data Sources A comprehensive literature search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. Review Methods The methods were developed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Peer-reviewed, English-language, US-based studies examining a rural disparity in otolaryngology-related disease incidence, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, or outcome were included. Descriptive studies, commentaries, reviews, and letters to the editor were excluded. Studies published prior to 1980 were excluded. Results The literature search resulted in 1536 unique abstracts and yielded 79 studies that met final criteria for inclusion. Seventy-five percent were published after 2010. The distribution of literature was as follows: otology (34.2%), head and neck cancer (20.3%), endocrine surgery (13.9%), rhinology and allergy (8.9%), trauma (5.1%), laryngology (3.8%), other pediatrics (2.5%), and adult sleep (1.3%). Studies on otolaryngology health care systems also accounted for 10.1%. The most common topics studied were practice patterns (41%) and epidemiology (27%), while the Southeast (47%) was the most common US region represented, and database study (42%) was the most common study design. Conclusion Overall, there was low-quality evidence with large gaps in the literature in all subspecialties, most notably facial plastic surgery, laryngology, adult sleep, and pediatrics. Importantly, there were few studies on intervention and zero studies on resident exposure to rural populations, which will be critical to making rural otolaryngology care more equitable in the future.

The Changing World: A Literature Review on The Significant Roles of Millennial Women in Malaysia

Every generation is uniquely featured by naturally designed specific characteristics. A generation is influenced by different backgrounds and upbringing, a major factor that differentiates each generation. Specifically, the significance of new millennial women’s role varies from one country to another. The study aims to analyse the significant roles of millennial women in Malaysia by reviewing empirical studies and performing a relevant literature search through specific terms related to the topic. Resultantly, millennial women’s rising earning power provided significant empowerment and stability. High human capital investment also allowed millennial women to manage the changing family institution that indirectly impacts the stability of society. Finally, the study revealed that new millennial women are transforming and continually evolving to navigate a changing world.

Does the morphology of the posterior malleolar fragment influence clinical outcomes of trimalleolar fractures after surgical fixation? A systematic review and Meta-analysis

Background: Posterior malleolus (PM) fractures have historically been classified according to the size of the fragment, to study the need for surgical fixation and to assess clinical outcomes. Recent research has suggested that the morphology of the PM fragment is of more relevance than its size. Objectives: This systematic review aims to determine if the size of the PM fragment influences clinical outcomes of trimalleolar fractures after surgical fixation, and if so, to find out which fracture type has the best outcomes. Methods: This systematic review will be conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search will be conducted on the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Ovid with a pre-determined search strategy. A manual bibliography search of included studies will also be done. Original articles in English that have relevant data on the outcomes of PM fractures and its morphology will be included. Data will be extracted from included studies and analysis carried out with the help of appropriate software.

Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Management of Gastric Cancer: A Narrative Review

Gastric cancer (GC) patients with peritoneal metastasis tend to achieve poor clinical outcomes. Until recently, the treatment options were limited mainly to either palliative chemotherapy or radiation therapy in exceptional cases. Currently, these patients benefit from multimodal treatment, such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Despite good overall results, this treatment modality is still widely debated. The following study is designed to assess the papers about the possible application and utility of HIPEC in GC. A search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed to assess the papers devoted to the role of HIPEC in GC treatment; a literature search was performed until March 21st; and, finally, 50 studies with a total number of 3946 patients were analyzed. According to the most recent data, it seems to be reasonable to limit the duration of HIPEC to the shortest effective time. Moreover, the drugs used in HIPEC need to have equal concentrations and the same solvent. Perioperative chemotherapy needs to be reported in detail and, furthermore, the term “morbidity” should be defined more clearly by the authors.