A Continuum of Collaboration: The Mirror Site

ABSTRACT:Familial cerebral aneurysms are currently the subject of burgeoning interest. We review the pertinent, recent reports on this topic in the light of our study of 17 families with familial cerebral aneurysms. The prevalence of familial cerebral aneurysms ranges from 5-28%. The sex distribution displays a female bias. Mothers are more often affected than fathers and daughters more than sons. There is no site predilection for familial cerebral aneurysms but they tend to occur at the same (or mirror) site within families. The age at rupture of familial cerebral aneurysms is younger, especially in females, than for sporadic aneurysms. They tend to rupture within the same decade in families, and within five years of each other in identical twins. The size of ruptured familial cerebral aneurysms appears to be smaller, especially in women, than sporadic aneurysms. The pattern of inheritance is unknown. A poor outcome of rupture is more frequent in familial cerebral aneurysms cases than in sporadic ones. Angiographic screening of family members at risk, especially first degree relatives, appears justified.

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Response of Male Goby, Padogobius Martensii, To Aggressive Sound Playback Following Pre-Experimental Visual Stimulation

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853997x00115 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 134 (15-16) ◽

pp. 1175-1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Marco Lugli

Keyword(s):

Visual Stimulation ◽

Mirror Image ◽

Playback Experiments ◽

Sound Stimulation ◽

Resident Male ◽

Approach Response ◽

The Third ◽

Functional Implications ◽

Mirror Site ◽

Freshwater Goby

AbstractThree playback experiments with a freshwater goby, Padogobius martensii, examined the effects of recent aggressive experience on the response of the territorial fish to the aggressive sound alone. Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted on a first group of fifteen resident males (i.e. males individually housed within laboratory tanks for at least 5 days). Experiment 1 simply consisted of playing back the sound to the resident male not exposed to social stimulation for at least 48 h. In experiment 2 the same male was exposed to its mirror image before the start of playback. Results showed that in experiment 1 males ignored or even tended to avoid the site of sound stimulation, whereas in experiment 2 they attended the sound site more frequently during the sound playback. In both experiments the mirror and the loudspeaker were placed on the same side of the tank. The third playback experiment was therefore developed to include mirror and loudspeaker on opposite sides of the tank. A different group of sixteen males was used for these experiments. Results showed that the sound playback may be more important than the mirror site in directing the approach response of the male. Furthermore, the magnitude of sound interference was positively correlated with the level of mirror aggressiveness shown by the male before playback. Functional implications of the responses to the aggressive sound alone for the territorial fish are discussed.

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Mirror site maintenance based on evolution associations of web directories

Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web - WWW '07 ◽

10.1145/1242572.1242817 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ling Chen ◽

Sourav Bhowmick ◽

Wolfgang Nejdl

Keyword(s):

Mirror Site ◽

Web Directories

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Crystal structure of a dimeric β-diketiminate magnesium complex

Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications ◽

10.1107/s2056989016017394 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (12) ◽

pp. 1754-1756 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Connor S. MacNeil ◽

Kevin R. D. Johnson ◽

Paul G. Hayes ◽

René T. Boeré

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Solid State ◽

Least Squares ◽

Site Symmetry ◽

State Structure ◽

Crystallographic Site ◽

Solid State Structure ◽

Mirror Site ◽

Independent Molecules ◽

Solvent Molecules

The solid-state structure of a dimeric β-diketiminate magnesium(II) complex is discussed. The compound, di-μ-iodido-bis[({4-amino-1,5-bis[2,6-bis(propan-2-yl)phenyl]pent-3-en-2-ylidene}azanido-κ2N,N′)magnesium(II)] toluene sesquisolvate, [Mg2(C29H41N2)2I2]·1.5C7H8, crystallizes as two independent molecules, each with 2/mcrystallographic site symmetry, located at Wyckoff sites 2cand 2d. These have symmetry-equivalent magnesium atoms bridged by μ-iodide ligands with very similar Mg—I distances. The two Mg atoms are located slightly below (∼0.5 Å) the least-squares plane defined by N–C—C–N atoms in the ligand scaffold, and are approximately tetrahedrally coordinated. One and one-half toluene solvent molecules are disordered with respect to mirror-site symmetry at Wyckoff sites 4iand 2a, respectively. In the former case, two toluene molecules interact in an off-center parallel stacking arrangement; the shortest C to C′ (π–π) distance of 3.72 (1) Å was measured for this interaction.

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Mirror-Image Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas at the Craniocervical Junction

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/neu.0b013e318223bab5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. E1166-E1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jumpei Oshita ◽

Satoshi Yamaguchi ◽

Shinji Ohba ◽

Kaoru Kurisu

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Computed Tomographic Angiography ◽

Craniocervical Junction ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽

Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽

Mirror Site ◽

Tomographic Angiography ◽

Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE We report an extremely rare case with mirror-site spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) at the craniocervical junction. Although multiple spinal DAVFs have been reported in the literature, complete mirror-site lesions with fistulas and feeding arteries in the symmetric position have not been previously described. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 74-year-old man presented with walking disturbance, urinary incontinence, and constipation progressing over a 14-month period. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed a high-intensity area in the spinal cord at the level from C4 to C6 and multiple flow voids at the surface of the spinal cord. Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography revealed bilateral DAVFs located in the mirror site of the craniocervical junction. Direct surgery with suboccipital craniectomy and C1 laminectomy revealed dilated tortuous red veins on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord. We found bilateral symmetric red veins around the dural penetration of the vertebral artery. Both red veins were successfully interrupted with the aneurysmal clips. Postoperative 3-dimensional computed tomographic angiography revealed a disappearance of the bilateral fistulas. Magnetic resonance images obtained 6 months after the surgery confirmed the disappearance of the intramedullary high-intensity area and flow voids. The symptoms before the operation improved after surgery, especially urinary incontinence and constipation, with slight walking disturbance. CONCLUSION Because fistulas in the present case existed at the same spinal level, we found multiple fistulas on the first examination. This early notification resulted in a good outcome from the first operation. If patients with spinal DAVFs have rapidly progressing symptoms, one should suspect multiple fistulas.

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