History of The Association of Military Clinical Psychologists

1946 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
History Of

A History of Clinical Psychology

2014 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Donald K. Routh
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Practical Intelligence ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th Century France

To be memorable, a history such as this might best be organized under a small number of headings. Accordingly, this chapter is structured around the work of seven pioneers who arguably had the greatest influence on the development of the field. Lightner Witmer is generally considered to have founded clinical psychology in 1896 (McReynolds, 1987, 1997; Routh, 1996; Watson, 1956). Hippocrates was the ancient Greek founder of medicine, always a close professional cousin of clinical psychology and a scientific model for psychology in general. Theodule Ribot led the development of psychology as an academic discipline in 19th-century France, as one primarily focused on clinical issues. Alfred Binet, also in France, devised the first practical “intelligence” test in 1905; administering such tests was among the most common activities of early clinical psychologists. Leta Hollingworth was an early practitioner who played a large role in the development of organized clinical psychology beginning in 1917 (Routh, 1994). Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, the first influential form of psychotherapy practiced by clinical psychologists, among others. Finally, Hans Eysenck was among the earliest to conceptualize behavior therapy and to promote the use of what have come to be known as evidence-based methods of intervention in clinical psychology.

A History of Clinical Psychology

2010 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Donald K. Routh
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Practical Intelligence ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th Century France

To be memorable, a history such as this might best be organized under a small number of headings. Accordingly, this chapter is structured around the work of seven pioneers who arguably had the greatest influence on the development of the field. Lightner Witmer is generally considered to have founded clinical psychology in 1896 (McReynolds, 1987, 1997; Routh, 1996; Watson, 1956). Hippocrates was the ancient Greek founder of medicine, always a close professional cousin of clinical psychology and a scientific model for psychology in general. Theodule Ribot led the development of psychology as an academic discipline in 19th-century France, as one primarily focused on clinical issues. Alfred Binet, also in France, devised the first practical “intelligence” test in 1905; administering such tests was among the most common activities of early clinical psychologists. Leta Hollingworth was an early practitioner who played a large role in the development of organized clinical psychology beginning in 1917 (Routh, 1994). Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, the first influential form of psychotherapy practiced by clinical psychologists, among others. Finally, Hans Eysenck was among the earliest to conceptualize behavior therapy and to promote the use of what have come to be known as evidence-based methods of intervention in clinical psychology.

Is post-apartheid South Africa training more black African clinical psychologists and addressing the historical imbalance?

2020 ◽  
pp. 008124632097798
Author(s):  
Anthony L Pillay ◽  
Londiwe N Nyandeni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
South African Population ◽  
Clinical Psychology Training ◽  
Black African ◽  
Real Change ◽  
History Of

The history of clinical psychology training in South Africa shows it to have the same racist past as all other aspects of life in the country. With the inception of democracy in 1994, it had been expected that more black African clinical psychologists will be trained in an effort to correct the serious imbalance created by apartheid. This study is a follow-up of earlier research into improvements during the first 12 years post-apartheid. In the present investigation, the licencing register of the Health Professions Council of South Africa was examined for the next 12-year period (2007–2018) to ascertain the number of black Africans trained as clinical psychologists, and the universities that had provided the training. The findings showed no real change in the number trained from the previous period. Of the 2883 clinical psychologists licensed in the study period only 426 (14.8%) were black African, despite this group constituting 80.7% of the South African population.

scholarly journals The face validity of an initial sub-typology of people with autism spectrum disorders detained in psychiatric hospitals

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1885-1897
Author(s):  
Magali Barnoux ◽  
Regi Alexander ◽  
Sabyasachi Bhaumik ◽  
John Devapriam ◽  
Connor Duggan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Clinical Vignettes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autistic Adults

Autistic adults who have a history of committing crimes present a major problem for providers of services in terms of legal disposal options and possible interventions, and greater understanding of this group and their associated needs is required. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the face validity of a proposed sub-typology of autistic adults detained in secure psychiatric hospitals in the United Kingdom. Initially, a focus group was completed with psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, healthcare workers, family members and autistic adults who had been detained in hospital, leading to revisions of the sub-typology. Following this, a consensus rating exercise of 10 clinical vignettes based on this sub-typology with three rounds was completed with 15 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists; revisions to the vignettes to improve clarity were made following each round. The findings indicated that these subtypes possess face validity and raters were able to classify all 10 clinical case vignettes into the sub-typology, and percentage of agreement ranged from 96% to 100% for overall subtype classification. This study suggests that the further validity of the sub-typology should be investigated within a larger study, as these subtypes have the potential to directly inform the hospital care pathway such that length of stay can be minimised. Lay abstract Autistic adults who have a history of committing crimes pose challenges for the criminal justice system in terms of disposal and treatment. For this reason, we investigated the validity of a proposed sub-typology of autistic adults detained in secure psychiatric hospitals. Initially, we ran a focus group with psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, healthcare workers, family members and autistic adults who had been detained in hospital to consider a sub-typology of autistic adults who may come into contact with secure psychiatric hospitals. We asked 15 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to rate 10 clinical vignettes based on our sub-typology with three rounds; revisions to the vignettes to improve clarity were made following each round. The findings indicated that these subtypes possess face validity and raters were able to classify all 10 clinical case vignettes into the sub-typology and percentage of agreement ranged from 96% to 100% for overall subtype classification. The findings suggested that the further validity of the sub-typology should be investigated within a larger study using a clinical sample. These subtypes may help inform treatment and care pathways within hospital.

scholarly journals The Emerging Relationship Between Clinical Psychology and the Credibility Movement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Wade Reardon ◽  
Katherine S. Corker ◽  
Jennifer L Tackett
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Published Research

There has been a growing conversation about how best to ensure the replicability and credibility of published research in psychology in recent years. However, clinical psychologists have only recently entered this discussion (Leichsenring et al., 2017; Tackett et al., 2017). The pace ofreform in psychological science has been surprisingly rapid, and it can be challenging to keep abreast of the latest developments. However, it is critical that clinical psychologists continue to expand their involvement in this movement. To facilitate this involvement, we review the history of the Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS) and its intersection with clinical psychology, as well as some meta-science initiatives deserving of further time and attention. We hope that this article will be useful to clinical psychology researchers and practitioners as (1) an introduction to some of the meta-science projects already underway that may be of use to you in your current work, and (2) an invitation for your contributions to ensure that clinical psychology is as rigorous and trustworthy as we can make it.

The History of the Early Controlled Trial: Lessons for Contemporary Clinical Psychologists and Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Basterfield ◽  
Scott Owen Lilienfeld
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Psychology Students ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
History Of

In this review, we traverse the long and fascinating journey of the clinical trial, which started with a variety of attempts to examine the effectiveness of psychological and medical interventions, and only later incorporated randomization, blinding, and use of placebos. We also briefly explore why many of these early discoveries were resisted or outright ignored, and how the counterintuitive nature of the clinical trial may help to explain the ongoing criticism and resistance to randomized controlled trials in contemporary clinical psychology. We hope that today’s clinical psychologists, clinical psychology students, and clinical psychology instructors will find much of this material not merely interesting in its own right but informative in affording a broader historical perspective on modern views of evidence-based practice and resistances to it.

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