An examination of balance identity theory using the Single Category Implicit Association test (SC-IAT)

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) provides a relative measure of implicit association strengths between target and attribute categories. In contrast, the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC–IAT) measures association strength with a single attribute category. This can be advantageous if a complementary category—as used in the IAT—cannot be composed or is undesired. If the SC–IAT is to be a meaningful supplement to the IAT, it should meet the same requirements. In an online experiment with a large and heterogeneous sample, the fakability of both implicit measures was investigated when measuring anxiety. Both measures were fakable through specific instruction (e.g., “Slow down your reactions”) but unfakable through nonspecific faking instruction even though nonspecific instruction was given immediately before the critical blocks (e.g., “Alter your reaction times”). When comparing the methodological quality of both implicit measures, the SC–IAT had lower internal consistency than the IAT. Moreover, with specific faking instructions, the SC–IAT was possible to fake to a larger extent than the IAT.

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Mixing the implicit: A Linear Mixed-Effects Models approach for a Rasch analysis of the Implicit Association Test and the Single Category Implicit Association Test

10.31124/advance.16592579 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ottavia M. Epifania ◽

Pasquale Anselmi ◽

Egidio Robusto

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Implicit Association Test ◽

Rasch Analysis ◽

Association Test ◽

Mixed Effects Models ◽

Implicit Association ◽

Implicit Measures ◽

Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽

Linear Mixed Effects ◽

Single Category

<div>The indirect investigation of psychological constructs has become prominent in social sciences thanks to the so-called implicit measures. Different implicit measures can be administered concurrently to the same respondents for obtaining detailed and multifaceted information on the constructs of interest. In this study, a Rasch analysis of accuracy and time responses of two commonly used implicit measures is presented. The focus in on the concurrent administration of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998) and the Single Category IAT (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006). Linear Mixed-Effects Models are used to address the within– and between–measures sources of variability and to obtain a Rasch parametrization of the data. By disentangling the respondent’s contribution from the stimulus contribution to the observed responses, these models allow for delving deeper on the functioning of the IAT and the SC-IAT, as well as for grasping a better understanding of the processes driving a behavioral decision. Implications of the results for social sciences and future research directions are discussed.</div>

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Meta-Analytic Use of Balanced Identity Theory to Validate the Implicit Association Test

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167220916631 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 014616722091663 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dario Cvencek ◽

Andrew N. Meltzoff ◽

Craig D. Maddox ◽

Brian A. Nosek ◽

Laurie A. Rudman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Implicit Association Test ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Identity Theory ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Association Test ◽

Self Report ◽

Implicit Association ◽

Individual Subject ◽

Data Set ◽

Total N

This meta-analysis evaluated theoretical predictions from balanced identity theory (BIT) and evaluated the validity of zero points of Implicit Association Test (IAT) and self-report measures used to test these predictions. Twenty-one researchers contributed individual subject data from 36 experiments (total N = 12,773) that used both explicit and implicit measures of the social–cognitive constructs. The meta-analysis confirmed predictions of BIT’s balance–congruity principle and simultaneously validated interpretation of the IAT’s zero point as indicating absence of preference between two attitude objects. Statistical power afforded by the sample size enabled the first confirmations of balance–congruity predictions with self-report measures. Beyond these empirical results, the meta-analysis introduced a within-study statistical test of the balance–congruity principle, finding that it had greater efficiency than the previous best method. The meta-analysis’s full data set has been publicly archived to enable further studies of interrelations among attitudes, stereotypes, and identities.

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Using the EZ-diffusion model to score a Single-Category Implicit Association Test of physical activity

Psychology of Sport and Exercise ◽

10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.09.008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 96-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Amanda L. Rebar ◽

Nilam Ram ◽

David E. Conroy

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diffusion Model ◽

Implicit Association Test ◽

Association Test ◽

Implicit Association ◽

Single Category

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Personalized SC-IAT: A Possible Way of Reducing the Influence of Societal Views on Assessments of Implicit Attitude toward Smoking

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/18.07.pr0.115c10z8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 13-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brigitte Bardin ◽

Stéphane Perrissol ◽

Jacques Py ◽

Céline Launay ◽

Florian Escoubès

Keyword(s):

Implicit Association Test ◽

Association Test ◽

Implicit Attitude ◽

Implicit Association ◽

Single Category ◽

Societal Views

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is used to assess attitude beyond the limitations of explicit measurements. Nevertheless, the test requires opposition between two attitude objects and also measures an extra-personal dimension of attitude that may reflect associations shared collectively. The first limitation can be overcome by using a Single Category IAT and the second by a personalized version of IAT. This study compares attitudes to smoking measured using a Single Category IAT with a personalized version of the test. The results, collected from 111 students, showed that the Single Category IAT did not distinguish smokers from non-smokers; smokers had negative scores. The personalized version did distinguish smokers from non-smokers, and smokers' scores seem to be neutral.

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