scholarly journals Auditory selective adaptation moment by moment, at multiple timescales.

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-615
Author(s):  
Arthur G. Samuel ◽  
Nicolas Dumay
2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182098462
Author(s):  
Masataka Yano ◽  
Shugo Suwazono ◽  
Hiroshi Arao ◽  
Daichi Yasunaga ◽  
Hiroaki Oishi

The present study conducted two event-related potential experiments to investigate whether readers adapt their expectations to morphosyntactically (Experiment 1) or semantically (Experiment 2) anomalous sentences when they are repeatedly exposed to them. To address this issue, we manipulated the probability of morphosyntactically/semantically grammatical and anomalous sentence occurrence through experiments. For the low probability block, anomalous sentences were presented less frequently than grammatical sentences (with a ratio of 1 to 4), while they were presented as frequently as grammatical sentences in the equal probability block. Experiment 1 revealed a smaller P600 effect for morphosyntactic violations in the equal probability block than in the low probability block. Linear mixed-effect models were used to examine how the size of the P600 effect changed as the experiment went along. The results showed that the smaller P600 effect of the equal probability block resulted from an amplitude’s decline in morphosyntactically violated sentences over the course of the experiment, suggesting an adaptation to morphosyntactic violations. In Experiment 2, semantically anomalous sentences elicited a larger N400 effect than their semantically natural counterparts regardless of probability manipulation. No evidence was found in favor of adaptation to semantic violations in that the processing cost of semantic violations did not decrease over the course of the experiment. Therefore, the present study demonstrated a dynamic aspect of language-processing system. We will discuss why the language-processing system shows a selective adaptation to morphosyntactic violations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 023109
Author(s):  
Guillermo H. Goldsztein ◽  
Alice N. Nadeau ◽  
Steven H. Strogatz

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (19) ◽  
pp. 2435-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Cool ◽  
Richard S. Conroy ◽  
Sean E. Hanlon ◽  
Shannon K. Hughes ◽  
Ananda L. Roy

Improvements in the sensitivity, content, and throughput of microscopy, in the depth and throughput of single-cell sequencing approaches, and in computational and modeling tools for data integration have created a portfolio of methods for building spatiotemporal cell atlases. Challenges in this fast-moving field include optimizing experimental conditions to allow a holistic view of tissues, extending molecular analysis across multiple timescales, and developing new tools for 1) managing large data sets, 2) extracting patterns and correlation from these data, and 3) integrating and visualizing data and derived results in an informative way. The utility of these tools and atlases for the broader scientific community will be accelerated through a commitment to findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable data and tool sharing principles that can be facilitated through coordination and collaboration between programs working in this space.


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