The Words and Practices of the Prophet (Pbuh) in the Context of Business Ethics

In the global world, cultural interaction and global organizations lead to great activities in the field of business. However, this situation has brought with it negative situations such as unfair competition, discrimination, mobbing, bribery, nepotism and corruption in the job, employer and worker. Especially in the last fifty years, with the strengthening of socialism and the decline of liberalism, business ethics has become a matter of debate in the West. In this context, the European Business Ethics network was established, and many rights regarding work and workers were brought to the agenda in the United States. It is possible to see the aforementioned measures that the business world tried to implement only in the 20th century, in the words and practices of the Prophet towards social life. As a matter of fact, among the general moral principles that the Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) presented to humanity, the principles related to business ethics are too many to be denied. The narrations about work and worker, which are also related to general moral principles, show that the Prophet Muhammad aimed to establish an inclusive system on this issue. According to this study; It aims to present the principles that today's business ethics defends within its own body, in terms of business, employer and employee, by examining it with the historical development process. It aims to reveal the existence of the business ethics principles presented on the western axis in the general words and practices of the Prophet.

Cultural interaction between Việt Nam and Southeast Asian nations in the 15th-16th centuries: An overview of pottery items from ancient shipwrecks on display at the Museum of History in Hồ Chí Minh City | Giao lưu văn hóa giữa Việt Nam và các quốc gia Đông Nam Á: Tổng quan về loại hình gốm tàu đắm niên đại thế kỷ 15-16 đang được lưu giữ tại Bảo tàng Lịch sử Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

This article systematizes the typical covered box ceramics after the excavation of the shipwrecks in Cham Islands, Hội An currently on display at the Museum of History in Hồ Chí Minh City. Comparisons lead to the assumption that such products can only satisfy the needs of the consumer market based on the iconographic interpretation accounting on traditional literature in Việt Nam and some Southeast Asian nations, such as Java, Malay, the Philippines. This article also assumes that it is a product ordered by foreign traders, or the creation of Vietnamese ceramic artists, because animals/other images that are shaped and decorated on pottery have so far not been fully accounted and researched in Vietnamese folk beliefs. Tiểu luận này hệ thống lại loại hình hộp gốm có nắp và hoa văn tiêu biểu của các loại di vật này trong sưu tập tàu đắm Hội An, hiện đang trưng bày tại Bảo tàng Lịch sử Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Các so sánh và diễn giải tiếu tượng học đưa đến nhận định rằng các sản phẩm gốm đó có thể chỉ đáp ứng nhu cầu của thị trường tiêu thụ dựa trên những tài liệu thành văn và truyện cổ giữa Việt Nam và truyền thống một số các quốc gia Đông Nam Á, như Java, Malay, Philippines. Bài viết này cũng giả thiết rằng đó là sản phẩm được các thương nhân nước ngoài đặt hàng, hoặc, là sự sáng tạo của nghệ nhân gốm Việt Nam, bởi các con vật/các đề tài khác được tạo hình và trang trí trên các di vật này cho đến nay vẫn chưa được ghi nhận đầy đủ và nghiên cứu sâu trong tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam.

Frontiers of Soviet Resettlements: Cultural Borders and Cross-Cultural Interaction between Russians and Chuvashes in the South Part of Kama Region in the 1920-1930s

The article is devoted to the analysis of ethno-social resettlement campaigns of the USSR of the second half of the 1920s. The implementation of these practices in the Volga Region led to major migrations and the formation of ethnic enclaves on the territory of Urals and Siberia. Basing on various sources and field materials, the article describes the situation in the Southern Prikamye after several thousand of the Chuvash people migrated to the places inhabited by Russian Old Believers. The sources allow to reconstruct complex processes of ethno-cultural interaction that formed new specific complexes of spiritual and material culture of the Chuvash people of Prikamye. The authors noted that the resettlement in the 1920s took place in the conditions of the destruction of the traditional life characteristics in the whole country, a change in ideological attitudes, a significant transformation of ethnocultural complexes. Under the conditions of migration, these factors contributed to a more intensive course of assimilation processes. At the same time, a significant number of Chuvash migrants encamped in one area at a distance from large settlements, as well as preservation of the rural character of the outposts contributed to the functioning of institutions for keeping the traditional way of legacy transmission.

"that headquarters of fanaticism and disaffection": Protest and the construction of space at Parihaka in the 1880s

At the 2009 version of this symposium I presented a paper that outlined how protests at Waitangi during the 1980s were played out architecturally through the media. Despite the heavy focus on biculturalism during the 1980s, reporting of proceedings at Waitangi on February 6th each year clearly showed a trifurcation of space. Television networks and the national newspapers showed that the "landscape of nationhood" was in fact inhabited by three actors in the symbolically important rituals - the State, tame Māori, and wild Māori.This trifurcation of space also played out a hundred years earlier at Parihaka. Sue Abel's examinations of media constructions of nationhood and cultural interaction can be identified in reports on happenings at Parihaka pā through the 1880s. From the passive resistance to the Crown's persistent surveying of the land and building of roads, the frequent large hui held at Parihaka that drew Māori from around the country, through to the invasion of the pā by a government force of more than 1500 troops – there was rich material for spatial representation by the media of the time. While the channels were different (dominated by newspapers and Parliamentary reports, with no television networks), this paper shows that the message of trifurcation was as strong in the 1880s as it would be in the 1980s.

An Analysis of Interactions in Intercultural Marriages: A Field Study of Alanya

This study aims to examine the dimensions of the conflicts arising from the interactions of two different cultures in intercultural marriages and to examine under which conditions and the level to which cultural adaptation is provided. This study was conducted with 35 participants who have an intercultural marriage and live in Antalya Province’s Alanya District, where people from many cultures and nationalities can be encountered due to Alanya being a tourist region. This study obtained the data using the semi-structured interview method to investigate the conflict and adaptation that may occur as a result of intercultural marriages. The snowball technique has been used to access the participants. At the end of the interviews conducted with these individuals, foreign spouses’ process of adapting to the Turkish family structure and culture, what they’ve acquired from experiencing cultural conflict, and what conflict and adaptation processes they experienced were examined within the scope of family and social environments. The findings from the study have been compiled within the framework of conflict and adaptation as a result of cultural interaction.

Dress and Dress Fasteners from the Pagan Norse Graves of Scotland: Origins and Identity

The pagan Norse graves of Scotland provide a tantalising glimpse of what the interred were wearing at the time of burial. However, the survival of actual clothing, frequently in a mineralised state, is rare. Yet dress accessories—typically brooches, cloak pins and belt fittings—help to create a more comprehensive picture of the dress worn, and of contemporary fashion. The origins of these fittings can be identified by their form, ornament and metallic composition. Some, such as the paired oval brooches found in female burials, are typically Scandinavian and indicative of the wearing of a pinafore-like dress, corroborated on occasion by surviving textile loops mineralised within their shells. However, others, including penannular brooches, ringed pins and bossed belt fittings, are of Insular origin and illustrate an emerging Hiberno-Scandinavian identity. Such evidence for cultural interaction through dress provides a fascinating insight into contemporary perceptions of identity, just prior to the abandonment of the pagan ritual with the subsequent loss of this rich source of evidence.

Itineraries of Modern Ethiopian Instrumental Music

<p>This dissertation explores the way in which Ethiopian musicians of the 1960s and 70s adapted forms such as jazz, soul and Latin music to create a new hybrid instrumental music style variously referred to as Ethio-Jazz or Ethio-Groove. It will then go on to investigate the impact that this music has had, in turn, on musicians in various locations around the world since its reissuing on CD in the late 1990s. The central focus is to investigate and articulate the role of individuals’ musical agency in this narrative, and to ask how, within the context of Ethiopian instrumental music and its offshoots, individual musicians and composers have engaged with, responded to and integrated music from elsewhere into their own musical languages. In particular, it looks at how musicians and composers have approached their own notion of creative individuality when their musical genealogy can be traced via affinities rather than geographic and ethnic inheritances. In adopting various influences these musicians, from both the original generation of Ethiopian musicians in the 60s and 70s who adapted soul, jazz and other American forms, and those from around the world who have in turn been influenced by this style of hybrid Ethiopian music, have had to unlock various technical musical problems, as well as navigate at times treacherous ethical waters and answer to allegations of cultural betrayal and/or appropriation. This dissertation identifies these problematic musical and ethical areas and, in the context of this criticism, it examines various viewpoints on how cultural interaction and exchange take place. The final chapter of this dissertation contextualizes my own creative portfolio, which accompanies this written work. It offers a personal response to the questions that have arisen from my affinity for Ethiopian music and from choosing an approach to composition closely informed by this affinity.</p>

Itineraries of Modern Ethiopian Instrumental Music

<p>This dissertation explores the way in which Ethiopian musicians of the 1960s and 70s adapted forms such as jazz, soul and Latin music to create a new hybrid instrumental music style variously referred to as Ethio-Jazz or Ethio-Groove. It will then go on to investigate the impact that this music has had, in turn, on musicians in various locations around the world since its reissuing on CD in the late 1990s. The central focus is to investigate and articulate the role of individuals’ musical agency in this narrative, and to ask how, within the context of Ethiopian instrumental music and its offshoots, individual musicians and composers have engaged with, responded to and integrated music from elsewhere into their own musical languages. In particular, it looks at how musicians and composers have approached their own notion of creative individuality when their musical genealogy can be traced via affinities rather than geographic and ethnic inheritances. In adopting various influences these musicians, from both the original generation of Ethiopian musicians in the 60s and 70s who adapted soul, jazz and other American forms, and those from around the world who have in turn been influenced by this style of hybrid Ethiopian music, have had to unlock various technical musical problems, as well as navigate at times treacherous ethical waters and answer to allegations of cultural betrayal and/or appropriation. This dissertation identifies these problematic musical and ethical areas and, in the context of this criticism, it examines various viewpoints on how cultural interaction and exchange take place. The final chapter of this dissertation contextualizes my own creative portfolio, which accompanies this written work. It offers a personal response to the questions that have arisen from my affinity for Ethiopian music and from choosing an approach to composition closely informed by this affinity.</p>

Tackling Early Medieval Dietary Transitions Using a Hierarchical and Multi-isotope Approach

Socio-environmental transitions during the first millennium AD had wide-ranging impacts across Europe which have interesting archaeological and palaeoecological implications. This paper uses published and new multi-tissue, multi-isotope data from across Europe to look at changing resource use from c. 350-1200 AD. It highlights cross-cultural interaction at a broad scale as well as focussing on these patterns with Early Medieval England as a regional case study. By using a hierarchical approach, it teases apart human-environment interactions with significant implications for changing foodways in Early Medieval Europe. It highlights how more integrated methodologies allow for better models of human ecology in the Early Middle Ages.

Cultural transformation and translation

Along with the cultural transformation and renewal process of the world, the need for reinterpretation in the field of translation has come to the fore. The increase in cultural activities and transformations has led to the emergence of new dimensions in the communication and interaction of societies. Especially after the second half of the 20th century, the rapid social, economic and cultural mobility, which started to gain a new dimension, intensified the cultural interaction, and also led to the production of many written and oral works in this field. The dimensions of cultural data transfer, including these produced works, have begun to increase. The most important role in the transfer of these data between cultures and languages ​​is the translation institution, which has the importance of a cultural carrier beyond being a purely linguistic transmission tool. In this study, firstly, the concept of culture is examined within the general framework. Following this, the concept of translation and its relationship with the phenomenon of culture are discussed. In the study, an answer is sought to the question of what exactly is understood from the concept of culture. Finally, the complementarity effect of the concepts of translation and culture is emphasized. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Dünyanın geçirdiği kültürel dönüşüm ve yenilenme süreci ile çeviri sürecini yeniden yorumlanma ihtiyacı ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Kültürel faaliyetlerin ve dönüşümlerin yaşanmasındaki artış toplumların iletişim ve etkilişimde de yeni boyutların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından sonra yaşanmaya başlayan hızlı sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel hareketlilik yeni bir boyut kazanmaya başlayan kültürel etkileşimin yoğunlaşmasını sağlarken bu alanda birçok yazılı ve sözlü eserin üretilmesine de yol açmıştır. Üretilen bu eserler de dahil olmak üzere kültürel veri transferinin boyutları da artmaya başlamıştır. Bu verilerin kültürler ve diller arasında transferindeki en önemli rol ise salt dilsel aktarım aracı olmasından öte kültürel bir taşıyıcılık önemi de haiz olan çeviri müssesesindedir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak kültür kavramı genel çerçeve içerisinde ele alınarak irdelenmektedir. Bunu müteakiben ise çeviri kavramı ve kültür olgusu ile olan ilişkisi ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada kültür kavramından tam olarak neyin anlaşılmakta olduğu sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır. Nihai olarak ise çeviri ve kültür kavramlarının birbirine yaptığı tamamlayıcılık etkisi üzerinde durulmaktadır.