scholarly journals Genetic variation at marker loci and in quantitative traits in natural populations of Arabidopsis Thaliana

Heredity ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmi Kuittinen ◽  
Anu Mattila ◽  
Outi Savolainen
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Marker Loci

scholarly journals Variation in the expression of a transmembrane protein influences cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana petals by altering auxin responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N. Miller ◽  
Jack Dumenil ◽  
Fu Hao Lu ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Neil McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Over Expression

Abstract Background The same species of plant can exhibit very diverse sizes and shapes of organs that are genetically determined. Characterising genetic variation underlying this morphological diversity is an important objective in evolutionary studies and it also helps identify the functions of genes influencing plant growth and development. Extensive screens of mutagenised Arabidopsis populations have identified multiple genes and mechanisms affecting organ size and shape, but relatively few studies have exploited the rich diversity of natural populations to identify genes involved in growth control. Results We screened a relatively well characterised collection of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions for variation in petal size. Association analyses identified sequence and gene expression variation on chromosome 4 that made a substantial contribution to differences in petal area. Variation in the expression of a previously uncharacterised gene At4g16850 (named as KSK) had a substantial role on variation in organ size by influencing cell size. Over-expression of KSK led to larger petals with larger cells and promoted the formation of stamenoid features. The expression of auxin-responsive genes known to limit cell growth was reduced in response to KSK over-expression. ANT expression was also reduced in KSK over-expression lines, consistent with altered floral identities. Auxin responses were reduced in KSK over-expressing cells, consistent with changes in auxin-responsive gene expression. KSK may therefore influence auxin responses during petal development. Conclusions Understanding how genetic variation influences plant growth is important for both evolutionary and mechanistic studies. We used natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify sequence variation in a promoter region of Arabidopsis accessions that mediated differences in the expression of a previously uncharacterised membrane protein. This variation contributed to altered auxin responses and cell size during petal growth.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation of neutral markers and quantitative traits in predominantly selfing metapopulations: confronting theory and experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMMANUELLE PORCHER ◽  
TATIANA GIRAUD ◽  
CLAIRE LAVIGNE
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Linkage Disequilibria ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Selfing Species ◽  
Theory And Experiments

The comparison of the genetic differentiation of quantitative traits (QST) and molecular markers (FST) can inform on the strength and spatial heterogeneity of selection in natural populations, provided that markers behave neutrally. However, selection may influence the behaviour of markers in selfing species with strong linkage disequilibria among loci, therefore invalidating this test of detection of selection. We address this issue by monitoring the genetic differentiation of five microsatellite loci (FST) and nine quantitative traits (QST) in experimental metapopulations of the predominantly selfing species Arabidopsis thaliana, that evolved during eight generations. Metapopulations differed with respect to population size and selection heterogeneity. In large populations, the genetic differentiation of neutral microsatellites was much larger under heterogeneous selection than under uniform selection. Using simulations, we show that this influence of selection heterogeneity on FST can be attributable to initial linkage disequilibria among loci, creating stronger genetic differentiation of QTL than expected under a simple additive model with no initial linkage. We found no significant differences between FST and QST regardless of selection heterogeneity, despite a demonstrated effect of selection on QST values. Additional data are required to validate the role of mating system and linkage disequilibria in the joint evolution of neutral and selected genetic differentiation, but our results suggest that FST/QST comparisons can be conservative tests to detect selection in selfing species.

scholarly journals Spontaneous mutations and the origin and maintenance of quantitative genetic variation

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Huang ◽  
Richard F Lyman ◽  
Rachel A Lyman ◽  
Mary Anna Carbone ◽  
Susan T Harbison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

Mutation and natural selection shape the genetic variation in natural populations. Here, we directly estimated the spontaneous mutation rate by sequencing new Drosophila mutation accumulation lines maintained with minimal natural selection. We inferred strong stabilizing natural selection on quantitative traits because genetic variation among wild-derived inbred lines was much lower than predicted from a neutral model and the mutational effects were much larger than allelic effects of standing polymorphisms. Stabilizing selection could act directly on the traits, or indirectly from pleiotropic effects on fitness. However, our data are not consistent with simple models of mutation-stabilizing selection balance; therefore, further empirical work is needed to assess the balance of evolutionary forces responsible for quantitative genetic variation.

scholarly journals Variation in the expression of a transmembrane protein influences cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana petals by altering auxin responses.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N. Miller ◽  
Jack Dumenil ◽  
Fu Hao Lu ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Neil McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Over Expression

Abstract Background The same species of plant can exhibit highly diverse sizes and shapes of organs that are genetically determined. Characterising genetic variation underlying this morphological diversity is an important objective in evolutionary studies and it also helps identify the functions of genes influencing plant growth and development. Extensive screens of mutagenised Arabidopsis populations have identified multiple genes and mechanisms affecting organ size and shape, but relatively few studies have exploited the rich diversity of natural populations to identify genes involved in growth control. Results We screened a relatively well characterised collection of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes for variation in petal size. Association analyses identified sequence and gene expression variation on chromosome 4 that made a substantial contribution to differences in petal area. Variation in the expression of a previously uncharacterised gene At4g16850 (named as KSK ) had a substantial role on variation in organ size by influencing cell size. Over-expression of KSK led to larger petals with larger cells and promoted the formation of stamenoid features. The expression of auxin-responsive genes known to limit cell growth was reduced in response to KSK over-expression. ANT expression was also reduced in KSK over-expression lines, consistent with altered floral identities. Auxin responses were reduced in KSK over-expressing cells, consistent with changes in auxin-responsive gene expression. KSK may therefore influence auxin availability during petal development. Conclusions Understanding how genetic variation influences plant growth is important for both evolutionary and mechanistic studies. We used natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify sequence variation in a promoter region of Arabidopsis ecotypes that mediated differences in the expression of a previously undescribed membrane protein. This variation contributed to altered auxin availability and cell size during petal growth.

scholarly journals Variation in the expression of a transmembrane protein influences cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana petals by altering auxin availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N. Miller ◽  
Jack Dumenil ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Fu Hao Lu ◽  
Neil McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Over Expression

AbstractBackgroundThe same species of plant can exhibit highly diverse sizes and shapes of organs that are genetically determined. Defining genetic variation underlying this morphological diversity is an important objective in evolutionary studies and it also helps identify the functions of genes influencing plant growth and development. Extensive screens of mutagenised Arabidopsis populations have identified multiple genes and mechanisms affecting organ size and shape, but relatively few studies have exploited the rich diversity of natural populations to identify genes involved in growth control.ResultsWe screened a relatively well characterised collection of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes for variation in petal size. Association analyses identified sequence and gene expression variation on chromosome 4 that made a substantial contribution to differences in petal area. Variation in expression of At4g16850 (named as KSK), encoding a hypothetical protein, had a substantial role on variation in organ size by influencing cell size. Over-expression of KSK led to larger petals with larger cells and promoted the formation of stamenoid features. The expression of auxin-responsive genes known to limit cell growth was reduced in response to KSK over-expression. ANT expression was also reduced in KSK over-expression lines, consistent with altered floral identities. Auxin availability was reduced in KSK over-expressing cells, consistent with changes in auxin-responsive gene expression. KSK may therefore influence auxin availability during petal development.ConclusionsUnderstanding how genetic variation influences plant growth is important for both evolutionary and mechanistic studies. We used natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify sequence variation in a promoter region of Arabidopsis ecotypes that mediated differences in the expression of a previously uncharacterised membrane protein. This variation contributed to altered auxin availability and cell size during petal growth.

scholarly journals Variation in the expression of a transmembrane protein influences cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana petals by altering auxin responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N. Miller ◽  
Jack Dumenil ◽  
Fu Hao Lu ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Neil McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Over Expression

Abstract AbstractBackground. The same species of plant can exhibit very diverse sizes and shapes of organs that are genetically determined. Characterising genetic variation underlying this morphological diversity is an important objective in evolutionary studies and it also helps identify the functions of genes influencing plant growth and development. Extensive screens of mutagenised Arabidopsis populations have identified multiple genes and mechanisms affecting organ size and shape, but relatively few studies have exploited the rich diversity of natural populations to identify genes involved in growth control. Results. We screened a relatively well characterised collection of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions for variation in petal size. Association analyses identified sequence and gene expression variation on chromosome 4 that made a substantial contribution to differences in petal area. Variation in the expression of a previously uncharacterised gene At4g16850 (named as KSK) had a substantial role on variation in organ size by influencing cell size. Over-expression of KSK led to larger petals with larger cells and promoted the formation of stamenoid features. The expression of auxin-responsive genes known to limit cell growth was reduced in response to KSK over-expression. ANT expression was also reduced in KSK over-expression lines, consistent with altered floral identities. Auxin responses were reduced in KSK over-expressing cells, consistent with changes in auxin-responsive gene expression. KSK may therefore influence auxin responses during petal development.Conclusions. Understanding how genetic variation influences plant growth is important for both evolutionary and mechanistic studies. We used natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify sequence variation in a promoter region of Arabidopsis accessions that mediated differences in the expression of a previously uncharacterised membrane protein. This variation contributed to altered auxin responses and cell size during petal growth.

scholarly journals Variation in the expression of a transmembrane protein influences cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana petals by altering auxin responses.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N. Miller ◽  
Jack Dumenil ◽  
Fu Hao Lu ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Neil McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Over Expression

Abstract Background. The same species of plant can exhibit very diverse sizes and shapes of organs that are genetically determined. Characterising genetic variation underlying this morphological diversity is an important objective in evolutionary studies and it also helps identify the functions of genes influencing plant growth and development. Extensive screens of mutagenised Arabidopsis populations have identified multiple genes and mechanisms affecting organ size and shape, but relatively few studies have exploited the rich diversity of natural populations to identify genes involved in growth control. Results. We screened a relatively well characterised collection of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions for variation in petal size. Association analyses identified sequence and gene expression variation on chromosome 4 that made a substantial contribution to differences in petal area. Variation in the expression of a previously uncharacterised gene At4g16850 (named as KSK) had a substantial role on variation in organ size by influencing cell size. Over-expression of KSK led to larger petals with larger cells and promoted the formation of stamenoid features. The expression of auxin-responsive genes known to limit cell growth was reduced in response to KSK over-expression. ANT expression was also reduced in KSK over-expression lines, consistent with altered floral identities. Auxin responses were reduced in KSK over-expressing cells, consistent with changes in auxin-responsive gene expression. KSK may therefore influence auxin responses during petal development. Conclusions. Understanding how genetic variation influences plant growth is important for both evolutionary and mechanistic studies. We used natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify sequence variation in a promoter region of Arabidopsis accessions that mediated differences in the expression of a previously uncharacterised membrane protein. This variation contributed to altered auxin responses and cell size during petal growth.

scholarly journals Levels of genetic polymorphism: marker loci versus quantitative traits

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1366) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Butlin ◽  
T. Tregenza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Prezygotic Isolation ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Mating Signal

Species are the units used to measure ecological diversity and alleles are the units of genetic diversity. Genetic variation within and among species has been documented most extensively using allozyme electrophoresis. This reveals wide differences in genetic variability within, and genetic distances among, species, demonstrating that species are not equivalent units of diversity. The extent to which the pattern observed for allozymes can be used to infer patterns of genetic variation in quantitative traits depends on the forces generating and maintaining variability. Allozyme variation is probably not strictly neutral but, nevertheless, heterozygosity is expected to be influenced by population size and genetic distance will be affected by time since divergence. The same is true for quantitative traits influenced by many genes and under weak stabilizing selection. However, the limited data available suggest that allozyme variability is a poor predictor of genetic variation in quantitative traits within populations. It is a better predictor of general phenotypic divergence and of postzygotic isolation between populations or species, but is only weakly correlated with prezygotic isolation. Studies of grasshopper and planthopper mating signal variation and assortative mating illustrate how these characters evolve independently of general genetic and morphological variation. The role of such traits in prezygotic isolation, and hence speciation, means that they will contribute significantly to the diversity of levels of genetic variation within and among species.

scholarly journals Natural variation in the expression of a transmembrane protein influences cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana petals by altering auxin availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N. Miller ◽  
Jack Dumenil ◽  
Fu Hao Lu ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Neil McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Over Expression

Abstract Background The same species of plant can exhibit highly diverse sizes and shapes of organs that are genetically determined. Characterising genetic variation underlying this morphological diversity is an important objective in evolutionary studies and it also helps identify the functions of genes influencing plant growth and development. Extensive screens of mutagenised Arabidopsis populations have identified multiple genes and mechanisms affecting organ size and shape, but relatively few studies have exploited the rich diversity of natural populations to identify genes involved in growth control. Results We screened a relatively well characterised collection of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes for variation in petal size. Association analyses identified sequence and gene expression variation on chromosome 4 that made a substantial contribution to differences in petal area. Variation in the expression of a previously uncharacterised gene At4g16850 (named as KSK ) had a substantial role on variation in organ size by influencing cell size. Over-expression of KSK led to larger petals with larger cells and promoted the formation of stamenoid features. The expression of auxin-responsive genes known to limit cell growth was reduced in response to KSK over-expression. ANT expression was also reduced in KSK over-expression lines, consistent with altered floral identities. Auxin availability was reduced in KSK over-expressing cells, consistent with changes in auxin-responsive gene expression. KSK may therefore influence auxin availability during petal development. Conclusions Understanding how genetic variation influences plant growth is important for both evolutionary and mechanistic studies. We used natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify sequence variation in a promoter region of Arabidopsis ecotypes that mediated differences in the expression of a previously undescribed membrane protein. This variation contributed to altered auxin availability and cell size during petal growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document