Outer hair cell somatic, not hair bundle, motility is the basis of the cochlear amplifier

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 746-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia M Mellado Lagarde ◽  
Markus Drexl ◽  
Victoria A Lukashkina ◽  
Andrei N Lukashkin ◽  
Ian J Russell
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Hair Bundle ◽  
Cochlear Amplifier

Active Hair Bundle Movements and the Cochlear Amplifier

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Hair Bundle ◽  
Cochlear Amplifier ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Slow Adaptation ◽  
Active Processes

The “active process” is a term used to describe amplification and filtering processes that are essential for obtaining the exquisite sensitivity of hearing organs. Understanding the components of the active process is important both for our understanding of the normal physiology of hearing and because perturbations of the cochlear amplifier may lead to such maladies as threshold shifts (both temporary and permanent), tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss and presbicusis. To date the cochlear amplifier has largely been attributed to outer hair cell electro motility; however, recent evidence suggests, that active properties of the hair bundle may also be important. Most likely both somatic motility and active hair bundle movements contribute to establishing the cochlear active process. This paper reviews recent evidence regarding known active processes in the hair bundle gating compliance, and fast and slow adaptation.

scholarly journals Acetylcholine, Outer Hair Cell Electromotility, and the Cochlear Amplifier

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2212-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dallos ◽  
David Z. Z. He ◽  
Xi Lin ◽  
István Sziklai ◽  
Samir Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Cochlear Amplifier

scholarly journals Fluid Jet Stimulation of Auditory Hair Bundles Reveal Spatial Non-uniformities and Two Viscoelastic-Like Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Peng ◽  
Alexandra L. Scharr ◽  
Giusy A. Caprara ◽  
Dailey Nettles ◽  
Charles R. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Hair Bundle ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Passive System ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Exponential Process ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hair cell mechanosensitivity resides in the sensory hair bundle, an apical protrusion of actin-filled stereocilia arranged in a staircase pattern. Hair bundle deflection activates mechano-electric transduction (MET) ion channels located near the tops of the shorter rows of stereocilia. The elicited macroscopic current is shaped by the hair bundle motion so that the mode of stimulation greatly influences the cell’s output. We present data quantifying the displacement of the whole outer hair cell bundle using high-speed imaging when stimulated with a fluid jet. We find a spatially non-uniform stimulation that results in splaying, where the hair bundle expands apart. Based on modeling, the splaying is predominantly due to fluid dynamics with a small contribution from hair bundle architecture. Additionally, in response to stimulation, the hair bundle exhibited a rapid motion followed by a slower motion in the same direction (creep) that is described by a double exponential process. The creep is consistent with originating from a linear passive system that can be modeled using two viscoelastic processes. These viscoelastic mechanisms are integral to describing the mechanics of the mammalian hair bundle.

Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier

Nature ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 419 (6904) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Charles Liberman ◽  
Jiangang Gao ◽  
David Z. Z. He ◽  
Xudong Wu ◽  
Shuping Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Cochlear Amplifier
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