scholarly journals Shared and tailored common bean transcriptomic responses to combined fusarium wilt and water deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana T. Leitão ◽  
Carmen Santos ◽  
Susana de Sousa Araújo ◽  
Diego Rubiales ◽  
Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Combined Stresses ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Single Stress

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), one of the most consumed food legumes worldwide, is threatened by two main constraints that are found frequently together in nature, water deficit (WD) and fusarium wilt (Fop). To understand the shared and unique responses of common bean to Fop and WD, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes and phenotypic responses in two accessions, one resistant and one susceptible to both stresses, exposed to single and combined stresses. Physiological responses (photosynthetic performance and pigments quantification) and disease progression were also assessed. The combined FopWD imposition negatively affected the photosynthetic performance and increased the susceptible accession disease symptoms. The susceptible accession revealed a higher level of transcriptional changes than the resistant one, and WD single stress triggered the highest transcriptional changes. While 89 differentially expressed genes were identified exclusively in combined stresses for the susceptible accession, 35 were identified in the resistant one. These genes belong mainly to “stress”, “signaling”, “cell wall”, “hormone metabolism”, and “secondary metabolism” functional categories. Among the up-regulated genes with higher expression in the resistant accession, the cysteine-rich secretory, antigen 5 and Pr-1 (CAP) superfamily protein, a ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase family protein, and a chitinase A seem promising targets for multiple stress breeding.

Characteristics of pea leaves and their relationships to photosynthetic CO2 exchange in the field

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3283-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Mahon ◽  
S. L. A. Hobbs ◽  
S. O. Salminen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Determination ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase

Photosynthetic CO2 exchange rate (CER) was determined in attached leaflets of field-grown peas (Pisum sativum L.) Three populations of genotypes were studied in different field locations and years. In 1 year, CER, leaf characteristics, and meteorological factors were measured in parallel at different times of the day and season. Differences in CER across environments or time of day were related to differences in stomatal resistance; however, changes during the season, which might be of environmental or developmental origin, were not. Genotype ranking for CER was largely independent of measuring time, field location, and year. None of the leaf characters which have been suggested as simple assays for photosynthetic ability (specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, stomatal resistance) was consistently related to CER over several tests. In the single experiment in which they were determined, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity, leaf soluble protein content, and the difference in CER at 2 and 20 kPa O2 were also not correlated with CER. The O2 effect expressed as a percentage of CER at 2 kPa O2 and the slope of the light response above 50 nE cm−2 s−1 were significantly correlated to CER, but neither is suitable for predicting CER in different genotypes. A significant multiple regression of CER on stomatal resistance, total chlorophyll, and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity suggests that the genetic control of CER may involve several characters. In this case, direct determination of CO2 exchange may be the easiest and most reliable way of assessing genetic differences in photosynthetic performance.

scholarly journals Four Mutant Alleles Elucidate the Role of the G2 Protein in the Development of C4 and C3 Photosynthesizing Maize Tissues

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-797
Author(s):  
Lizzie Cribb ◽  
Lisa N Hall ◽  
Jane A Langdale
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Sheath Cell ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cell

Abstract Maize leaf blades differentiate dimorphic photosynthetic cell types, the bundle sheath and mesophyll, between which the reactions of C4 photosynthesis are partitioned. Leaf-like organs of maize such as husk leaves, however, develop a C3 pattern of differentiation whereby ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) accumulates in all photosynthetic cell types. The Golden2 (G2) gene has previously been shown to play a role in bundle sheath cell differentiation in C4 leaf blades and to play a less well-defined role in C3 maize tissues. To further analyze G2 gene function in maize, four g2 mutations have been characterized. Three of these mutations were induced by the transposable element Spm. In g2-bsd1-m1 and g2-bsd1-s1, the element is inserted in the second intron and in g2-pg14 the element is inserted in the promoter. In the fourth case, g2-R, four amino acid changes and premature polyadenylation of the G2 transcript are observed. The phenotypes conditioned by these four mutations demonstrate that the primary role of G2 in C4 leaf blades is to promote bundle sheath cell chloroplast development. C4 photosynthetic enzymes can accumulate in both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in the absence of G2. In C3 tissue, however, G2 influences both chloroplast differentiation and photosynthetic enzyme accumulation patterns. On the basis of the phenotypic data obtained, a model that postulates how G2 acts to facilitate C4 and C3 patterns of tissue development is proposed.

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