carbohydrate metabolism
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2022 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 110811
Author(s):  
Gabriela Justamante Händel Schmitz ◽  
Luciano Freschi ◽  
Renata Callegari Ferrari ◽  
Fernanda Helena Gonçalves Peroni-Okita ◽  
Beatriz Rosana Cordenunsi-Lysenko

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-433
Author(s):  
Jing SU ◽  
Wei-fang CUI ◽  
Ling-cheng ZHU ◽  
Bai-yun LI ◽  
Feng-wang MA ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Centeno-Leija ◽  
Laura Espinosa-Barrera ◽  
Beatriz Velazquez-Cruz ◽  
Yair Cárdenas-Conejo ◽  
Raúl Virgen-Ortíz ◽  
...  

AbstractCarbohydrate metabolism via cyclodextrins (CM-CD) is an uncommon starch-converting pathway that thoroughly depends on extracellular cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) to transform the surrounding starch substrate to α-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides and cyclodextrins (CDs). The CM-CD pathway has emerged as a convenient microbial adaptation to thrive under extreme temperatures, as CDs are functional amphipathic toroids with higher heat-resistant values than linear dextrins. Nevertheless, although the CM-CD pathway has been described in a few mesophilic bacteria and archaea, it remains obscure in extremely thermophilic prokaryotes (Topt ≥ 70 °C). Here, a new monophyletic group of CGTases with an exceptional three-domain ABC architecture was detected by (meta)genome mining of extremely thermophilic Thermoanaerobacterales living in a wide variety of hot starch-poor environments on Earth. Functional studies of a representative member, CldA, showed a maximum activity in a thermoacidophilic range (pH 4.0 and 80 °C) with remarkable product diversification that yielded a mixture of α:β:γ-CDs (34:62:4) from soluble starch, as well as G3–G7 linear dextrins and fermentable sugars as the primary products. Together, comparative genomics and predictive functional analysis, combined with data of the functionally characterized key proteins of the gene clusters encoding CGTases, revealed the CM-CD pathway in Thermoanaerobacterales and showed that it is involved in the synthesis, transportation, degradation, and metabolic assimilation of CDs.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Petrov ◽  
Yulia Sidorova ◽  
Alla Kochetkova ◽  
Vladimir Mazo

The effects of plant polyphenols on carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism disorders have wide experimental and clinical justification; however, their effects are limited due to low bioavailability. Thus, the development of technological approaches enhancing their effectiveness and stability is relevant.The aim of this work was to evaluatein vivothe effects of polyphenols from bilberry leaves and fruits, sorbed on the brown buckwheat flour, on C57Bl/6c mice with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. We assessed in vivothe effect of a food matrix (FM1: bilberry leaf polyphenols sorbed on brown buckwheat flour) on C57Bl/6c mice with induced carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. The aim of the second experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of prolonged prophylactic consumption of another food matrix (FM2: billberry fruit polyphenols, sorbed on brown buckwheat flour) by C57Bl/6c micewith induced carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. Technological approaches were developed and pilot batches of the food matrices FM1 and FM2were obtained. According to the in vivo testing, a significant decrease in the glucose levels and normalization of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were found in animals treated with FM1. When assessing the in vivo effects of FM2, the hypoglycemic effect of bilberry fruit polyphenols in the composition of the matrix was established. The results of these studies can be used to justify the testing of the developed matrices in a clinical setting and using them as functional food ingredients for preventative nutrition in cases of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Keywords: polyphenols, food matrix, functional food ingredient, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism


Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Hang Cheng ◽  
Yiming (Amy) Qin ◽  
Rashpal Dhillon ◽  
James Dowell ◽  
John M. Denu ◽  
...  

Hypoxia poses a major physiological challenge for mammals and has significant impacts on cellular and systemic metabolism. As with many other small rodents, naked mole-rats (NMRs; Heterocephalus glaber), who are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals, respond to hypoxia by supressing energy demand (i.e., through a reduction in metabolic rate mediated by a variety of cell- and tissue-level strategies), and altering metabolic fuel use to rely primarily on carbohydrates. However, little is known regarding specific metabolite changes that underlie these responses. We hypothesized that NMR tissues utilize multiple strategies in responding to acute hypoxia, including the modulation of signalling pathways to reduce anabolism and reprogram carbohydrate metabolism. To address this question, we evaluated changes of 64 metabolites in NMR brain and liver following in vivo hypoxia exposure (7% O2, 4 h). We also examined changes in matched tissues from similarly treated hypoxia-intolerant mice. We report that, following exposure to in vivo hypoxia: (1) phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan anabolism are supressed both in NMR brain and liver; (2) carbohydrate metabolism is reprogramed in NMR brain and liver, but in a divergent manner; (3) redox state is significantly altered in NMR brain; and (4) the AMP/ATP ratio is elevated in liver. Overall, our results suggest that hypoxia induces significant metabolic remodelling in NMR brain and liver via alterations of multiple metabolic pathways.


Author(s):  
Thao Thi Dao ◽  
Robert Mikutta ◽  
Leopold Sauheitl ◽  
Norman Gentsch ◽  
Olga Shibistova ◽  
...  

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