scholarly journals The Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptor EFR enhances fire blight resistance in apple

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Piazza ◽  
Manuela Campa ◽  
Valerio Pompili ◽  
Lorenza Dalla Costa ◽  
Umberto Salvagnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Recognition Receptor

AbstractFire blight disease, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (E. amylovora), is responsible for substantial losses in cultivated apples worldwide. An important mechanism of plant immunity is based on the recognition of conserved microbial molecules, named pathogen-associated or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs), through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). The interspecies transfer of PRRs represents a promising strategy to engineer broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance in crops. EFR, the Arabidopsis thaliana PRR for the PAMP elf18 derived from the elongation factor thermal unstable (EF-Tu) proved to be effective in improving bacterial resistance when expressed into Solanaceae and other plant species. In this study, we tested whether EFR can affect the interaction of apple with E. amylovora by its ectopic expression in the susceptible apple rootstock M.26. Stable EFR expression led to the activation of PAMP-triggered immune response in apple leaves upon treatment with supernatant of E. amylovora, as measured by the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of known defense genes. The amount of tissue necrosis associated with E. amylovora infection was significantly reduced in the EFR transgenic rootstock compared to the wild-type. Our results show that the expression of EFR in apple rootstock may be a valuable biotechnology strategy to improve the resistance of apple to fire blight.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptor EFR enhances fire blight resistance in apple

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Piazza ◽  
Manuela Campa ◽  
Valerio Pompili ◽  
Lorenza Dalla Costa ◽  
Umberta Salvagnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Recognition Receptor

AbstractFire blight disease, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (E. amylovora), is responsible for substantial losses in cultivated apple worldwide. An important mechanism of plant immunity is based on the recognition of conserved microbial molecules, named pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs), through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). The interspecies transfer of PRRs represents a promising strategy to engineer broad spectrum and durable disease resistance in crops. EFR, the Arabidopsis thaliana PRR for the PAMP elf18 derived from the elongation factor thermal unstable (EF-Tu) proved to be effective in improving bacterial resistance when expressed into Solanaceae and other plant species,. In this study, we tested whether EFR can affect the interaction of apple with E. amylovora by its ectopic expression in the susceptible apple rootstock M.26. Stable EFR expression led to the activation of PAMP-triggered immune response in apple leaves upon treatment with supernatant of E. amylovora, as measured by production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of known defense genes. The amount of tissue necrosis associated with E. amylovora infection was significantly reduced in the EFR transgenic rootstock compared to the wild-type. Our results show that the expression of EFR in apple rootstock may be a valuable biotechnology strategy to improve the resistance of apple to fire blight.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Interventions into Innate Immune Diseases by Means of Aptamers

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Farzana Yasmeen ◽  
Hana Seo ◽  
Nasir Javaid ◽  
Moon Suk Kim ◽  
Sangdun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Immune System Diseases ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Recognition Receptor

The immune system plays a crucial role in the body’s defense system against various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, as well as recognizes non-self- and self-molecules. The innate immune system is composed of special receptors known as pattern recognition receptors, which play a crucial role in the identification of pathogen-associated molecular patterns from diverse microorganisms. Any disequilibrium in the activation of a particular pattern recognition receptor leads to various inflammatory, autoimmune, or immunodeficiency diseases. Aptamers are short single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid molecules, also termed “chemical antibodies,” which have tremendous specificity and affinity for their target molecules. Their features, such as stability, low immunogenicity, ease of manufacturing, and facile screening against a target, make them preferable as therapeutics. Immune-system–targeting aptamers have a great potential as a targeted therapeutic strategy against immune diseases. This review summarizes components of the innate immune system, aptamer production, pharmacokinetic characteristics of aptamers, and aptamers related to innate-immune-system diseases.

scholarly journals Control of the pattern-recognition receptor EFR by an ER protein complex in plant immunity

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (21) ◽  
pp. 3428-3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nekrasov ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Martine Batoux ◽  
Milena Roux ◽  
Zhao-Hui Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptor ◽  
Recognition Receptor

scholarly journals The Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL35 Antagonizes Pattern Recognition Receptor-Mediated Type I IFN Transcription

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Fabits ◽  
Vladimir Gonçalves Magalhães ◽  
Baca Chan ◽  
Virginie Girault ◽  
Endrit Elbasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptor ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Tegument Protein ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Elevated Type ◽  
Recognition Receptor

The rapid activation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated type I interferon (IFN) signaling is crucial for the host response to infection. In turn, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) must evade this potent response to establish life-long infection. Here, we reveal that the HCMV tegument protein UL35 antagonizes the activation of type I IFN transcription downstream of the DNA and RNA sensors cGAS and RIG-I, respectively. We show that ectopic expression of UL35 diminishes the type I IFN response, while infection with a recombinant HCMV lacking UL35 induces an elevated type I IFN response compared to wildtype HCMV. With a series of luciferase reporter assays and the analysis of signaling kinetics upon HCMV infection, we observed that UL35 downmodulates PRR signaling at the level of the key signaling factor TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Finally, we demonstrate that UL35 and TBK1 co-immunoprecipitate when co-expressed in HEK293T cells. In addition, we show that a previously reported cellular binding partner of UL35, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), post-translationally GlcNAcylates UL35, but that this modification is not required for the antagonizing effect of UL35 on PRR signaling. In summary, we have identified UL35 as the first HCMV protein to antagonize the type I IFN response at the level of TBK1, thereby enriching our understanding of how this important herpesvirus escapes host immune responses.

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