scholarly journals Organelle genome assembly uncovers the dynamic genome reorganization and cytoplasmic male sterility associated genes in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kuwabara ◽  
Issei Harada ◽  
Yuma Matsuzawa ◽  
Tohru Ariizumi ◽  
Kenta Shirasawa
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Genome Reorganization ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Dynamic Genome

AbstractTo identify cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-associated genes in tomato, we determined the genome sequences of mitochondria and chloroplasts in three CMS tomato lines derived from independent asymmetric cell fusions, their nuclear and cytoplasmic donors, and male fertile weedy cultivated tomato and wild relatives. The structures of the CMS mitochondrial genomes were highly divergent from those of the nuclear and cytoplasmic donors, and genes of the donors were mixed up in these genomes. On the other hand, the structures of CMS chloroplast genomes were moderately conserved across the donors, but CMS chloroplast genes were unexpectedly likely derived from the nuclear donors. Comparative analysis of the structures and contents of organelle genes and transcriptome analysis identified three genes that were uniquely present in the CMS lines, but not in the donor or fertile lines. RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that these three genes transcriptionally expressed in anther, and identified different RNA editing levels in one gene, orf265, that was partially similar to ATP synthase subunit 8, between fertile and sterile lines. The orf265 was a highly potential candidate for CMS-associated gene. This study suggests that organelle reorganization mechanisms after cell fusion events differ between mitochondria and chloroplasts, and provides insight into the development of new F1 hybrid breeding programs employing the CMS system in tomato.

scholarly journals Organelle genome assembly uncovers the dynamic genome reorganization and cytoplasmic male sterility associated genes in tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kuwabara ◽  
Issei Harada ◽  
Yuma Matsuzawa ◽  
Tohru Ariizumi ◽  
Kenta Shirasawa
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Genome Reorganization ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Dynamic Genome ◽  
Cell Fusions

AbstractTo identify cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-associated genes in tomato, we determined the genome sequences of mitochondria and chloroplasts in three CMS tomato lines derived from independent asymmetric cell fusions, their nuclear and cytoplasmic donors, and male fertile weedy cultivated tomato and wild relatives. The structures of the CMS mitochondrial genomes were highly divergent from those of the nuclear and cytoplasmic donors, and genes of the donors were mixed up in these genomes. On the other hand, the structures of CMS chloroplast genomes were moderately conserved across the donors, but CMS chloroplast genes were unexpectedly likely derived from the nuclear donors. Comparative analysis of the structures and contents of organelle genes and transcriptome analysis identified three genes that were uniquely present in the CMS lines, but not in the donor or fertile lines. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that these three genes transcriptionally expressed in anther, two of which were also expressed in pollen. They could be potential candidates for CMS-associated genes. This study suggests that organelle reorganization mechanisms after cell fusion events differ between mitochondria and chloroplasts, and provides insight into the development of new F1 hybrid breeding programs employing the CMS system in tomato.

scholarly journals Hybrid breeding of cauliflower using self-incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kučera ◽  
V. Chytilová ◽  
M. Vyvadilová ◽  
M. Klíma
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Hybridization Experiment ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
The Mean

Two self-sterility systems, self-incompatibility (SI) and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were used to verify their suitability for hybrid breeding of cauliflower. The possibility of reproduction of SI and CMS lines in isolation cages using insect pollinators were proved. The best results in reproduction of SI lines derived from the cultivar Montano were achieved by spraying with 3% NaCl solution in the evening and using bumblebees as pollinators. The mean weight of seeds per plant attained approximately 5 g. Two CMS lines bred from cultivars Brilant and Fortuna achieved seed set per plant after honeybee pollination with their fertile analogues 0.8 and 2.0 g, respectively. The yield of F1 seeds in hybridization experiment based on SI was 1.8 grams per plant of SI mother line. In hybridization based on CMS, the yield of F1 seeds per CMS plant was 2.3 grams. The F1 hybrid of SI line Montano × self-pollinating line from cv. Fortuna showed to be the best combination in a preliminary field trial.  

scholarly journals Accelerated molecular breeding of novel cytoplasmic male sterility lines in rice using orfH79 or orf290 haplotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Tan ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Ze Tian ◽  
Jiayang Li ◽  
Xuequn Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Maintainer Line ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Aa Genome ◽  
Allele Variation ◽  
Grain Security

Abstract The identification and development of new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines in higher plants is important for the preservation of grain security and the prevention of homogenization of hybrid rice. Molecular markers assisted selection (MAS) based on CMS-associated genes or mitochondrial-specific chimeric sequences are important for rapid and effective breeding of new CMS lines and hybrids. In our study, the distribution and allele variation of orfH79 and orf290 genes were characterized from 273 wild and cultivated rice in the AA genome species. Based on the alignment of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, four accessions with orfH79 and three accessions with orf290 were screened. Four novel CMS lines carrying orfH79 haplotypes and three novel CMS lines carrying orf290 haplotypes were then developed using multiple backcross generations with a maintainer line under MAS. The breeding process used in our study provides an efficient and feasible approach for selecting new CMS lines. CMS lines selected in our study are important for enriching rice germplasm resources and guaranteeing rice breeding programs.

scholarly journals Candidate Gene Selection for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) through Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Qiaohua Lu ◽  
Yixin Ai ◽  
Yihao Wang ◽  
Tiantian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cms Line

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), which is controlled by mitochondrial genes, is an important trait for commercial hybrid seed production. So far, genes controlling this trait are still not clear in pepper. In this study, complete mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and assembled for the CMS line 138A and its maintainer line 138B. The genome size of 138A is 504,210 bp, which is 8618 bp shorter than that of 138B. Meanwhile, more than 214 and 215 open reading frames longer than 100 amino acids (aas) were identified in 138A and 138B, respectively. Mitochondrial genome structure of 138A was quite different from that of 138B, indicating the existence of recombination and rearrangement events. Based on the mitochondrial genome sequence and structure variations, mitochondrion of 138A and FS4401, a Korean origin CMS line, may have inherited from a common female ancestor, but their CMS traits did originate separately. Candidate gene selection was performed according to the published characteristics of the CMS genes, including the presence SNPs and InDels, located in unique regions, their chimeric structure, co-transcription, and transmembrane domain. A total of 35 ORFs were considered as potential candidate genes and 14 of these were selected, with orf300a and 0rf314a as strong candidates. A new marker, orf300a, was developed which did co-segregate with the CMS trait.

scholarly journals Study on the specificity of some molecular markers related to the cytoplasmic male sterility trait of vietnamese Chi Thien chilli pepper cultivar (Capsicum frutescens)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Phuong Hoang Phi Cung ◽  
Hao Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Le Van Bui
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Chili Peppers ◽  
Pepper Cultivar

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important trait in the production of F1 hybrid seed of chili peppers. The creation and detection of CMS and maintainer lines by conventional methods require a lot of time and effort, and the accuracy is influenced by many factors. Therefore, the application of molecular markers is necessary to increase the efficiency of breeding. In this research, we investigated the specificity of four primer sets, coxIISCAR, atp6SCAR, RfSCAR and coxTri-M1 related to CMS trait in different lines of Chi Thien cultivar that is planted widely in Vietnam. The results showed that three of the four sets of primers (coxIISCAR, RfSCAR and coxTri-M1) could discriminate exactly the CMS and the maintainer lines, the two most important lines for the production of F1 hybrid seeds. These results showed the feasibility of the application of these primer sets to increase the effectiveness of the chili peppers breeding process in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences and anther development cytology between maintainer and Ogura-type cytoplasm male-sterile cabbage (B. oleracea Var. capitata)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xionghui Zhong ◽  
Denghui Chen ◽  
Jian Cui ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Yuxin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Chimeric Genes ◽  
Tapetal Cells

Abstract Background Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been widely used for commercial F1 hybrid seeds production. CMS is primarily caused by chimeric genes in mitochondrial genomes. However, which specific stages of anther development in cabbage are affected by the chimeric genes remain unclear. Results In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and assembled for the maintainer and Ogura CMS cabbage lines. The genome size of the maintainer and Ogura CMS cabbage are 219,962 bp and 236,648 bp, respectively. There are 67 and 69 unknown function ORFs identified in the maintainer and Ogura CMS cabbage mitochondrial genomes, respectively. Four orfs, orf102a, orf122b, orf138a and orf154a were specifically identified in the Ogura CMS mitochondrial genome, which were likely generated by recombination with Ogura type radish during breeding process. Among them, ORF138a and ORF154a possessed a transmembrane structure, and orf138a was co-transcribed with the atp8 and trnfM genes. orf154a is partially homologous to the ATP synthase subunit 1 (atpA) gene. Both these genes were likely responsible for the CMS phenotype. In addition, cytological sections showed that the abnormal proliferation of tapetal cells might be the immediate cause of cytoplasmic male-sterility in Ogura CMS cabbage lines. RNA-seq results showed that orf138a and orf154a in Ogura CMS might influence transcript levels of genes in energy metabolic pathways. Conclusions The presence of orf138a and orf154a lead to increased of ATPase activity and ATP content by affecting the transcript levels of genes in energy metabolic pathways, which could provide more energy for the abnormal proliferation of tapetal cells. Our data provides new insights into cytoplasmic male-sterility from whole mitochondrial genomes, cytology of anther development and transcriptome data.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genomes Associated with Stamenless-type Cytoplasmic Male-sterility in Tomato.

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Toshiharu SHIKANAI ◽  
Kazuhiko HARADA ◽  
Maki YAMAGISHI ◽  
Kazuo WATANABE
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of the restorer-of-fertility-like (RFL) gene family in Brassica napus and expression analysis in Shaan2A cytoplasmic male sterility

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyun Ning ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Dianrong Li ◽  
Yonghong Li ◽  
Kang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Restorer Of Fertility

Abstract Background Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is very important in hybrid breeding. The restorer-of-fertility (Rf) nuclear genes rescue the sterile phenotype. Most of the Rf genes encode pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. Results We investigated the restorer-of-fertility-like (RFL) gene family in Brassica napus. A total of 53 BnRFL genes were identified. While most of the BnRFL genes were distributed on 10 of the 19 chromosomes, gene clusters were identified on chromosomes A9 and C8. The number of PPR motifs in the BnRFL proteins varied from 2 to 19, and the majority of BnRFL proteins harbored more than 10 PPR motifs. An interaction network analysis was performed to predict the interacting partners of RFL proteins. Tissue-specific expression and RNA-seq analyses between the restorer line KC01 and the sterile line Shaan2A indicated that BnRFL1, BnRFL5, BnRFL6, BnRFL8, BnRFL11, BnRFL13 and BnRFL42 located in gene clusters on chromosomes A9 and C8 were highly expressed in KC01. Conclusions In the present study, identification and gene expression analysis of RFL gene family in the CMS system were conducted, and seven BnRFL genes were identified as candidates for the restorer genes in Shaan2A CMS. Taken together, this method might provide new insight into the study of Rf genes in other CMS systems.

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