scholarly journals Validity of urges to smoke measures in predicting smoking relapse during treatment in primary care

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kotz ◽  
Carolien van Rossem ◽  
Wolfgang Viechtbauer ◽  
Mark Spigt ◽  
Onno C. P. van Schayck
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Measured Time

AbstractIn the context of smoking cessation treatment in primary care, identifying patients at the highest risk of relapse is relevant. We explored data from a primary care trial to assess the validity of two simple urges to smoke questions in predicting long-term relapse and their diagnostic value. Of 295 patients who received behavioural support and varenicline, 180 were abstinent at week 9. In this subgroup, we measured time spent with urges to smoke (TSU) and strength of urges to smoke (SUT; both scales 1 to 6 = highest). We used separate regression models with TSU or SUT as predictor and relapse from week 9–26 or week 9–52 as an outcome. We also calculated the sensitivity (SP), specificity and positive predictive values (PPV) of TSU and SUT in correctly identifying patients who relapsed at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for predicting relapse from week 9–26 were 1.74 per point increase (95% CI = 1.05–2.89) for TSU and 1.59 (95% CI = 1.11–2.28) for SUT. The aORs for predicting relapse from week 9–52 were 2.41 (95% CI = 1.33–4.37) and 1.71 (95% CI = 1.14–2.56), respectively. Applying a cut-point of ≥3 on TSU resulted in SP = 97.1 and PPV = 70.0 in week 9–26, and SP = 98.8 and PPV = 90.0 in week 9–52. Applying a cut-point of ≥4 on SUT resulted in SP = 99.0 and PPV = 85.7 in week 9–26, and SP = 98.8 and PPV = 85.7 in week 9–52. Both TSU and SUT were valid predictors of long-term relapse in patients under smoking cessation treatment in primary care. These simple questions may be useful to implement in primary care.Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register (NTR3067).

Long-term changes in delay discounting following a smoking cessation treatment for patients with depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 108007
Author(s):  
Ángel García-Pérez ◽  
Guillermo Vallejo-Seco ◽  
Sara Weidberg ◽  
Alba González-Roz ◽  
Roberto Secades-Villa
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Long Term Changes

scholarly journals Primary care-based smoking cessation treatment and subsequent healthcare service utilisation: a matched cohort study of smokers using linked administrative healthcare data

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056522
Author(s):  
Dolly Baliunas ◽  
Peter Selby ◽  
Claire de Oliveira ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
Laura Rosella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Service Use ◽  
Ed Visits

BackgroundNo research has assessed the individual-level impact of smoking cessation treatment delivered within a general primary care patient population on multiple forms of subsequent healthcare service use.ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the rate of outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations during a 5-year follow-up period among smokers who had and had not accessed a smoking cessation treatment programme.MethodsThe study was a retrospective matched cohort study using linked demographic and administrative healthcare databases in Ontario, Canada. 9951 patients who accessed smoking cessation services between July 2011 and December 2012 were matched to a smoker who did not access services, obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey, using a combination of hard matching and propensity score matching. Outcomes were rates of healthcare service use from index date (programme enrolment or survey response) to March 2017.ResultsAfter controlling for potential confounders, patients in the overall treatment cohort had modestly greater rates of the outcomes: outpatient visits (rate ratio (RR) 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.14), ED visits (RR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.13) and hospitalisations (RR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.18). Effect modification of the association between smoking cessation treatment and healthcare service use by prevalent comorbidity was found for outpatient visits (p=0.006), and hospitalisations (p=0.050), but not ED visits.ConclusionsPatients who enrolled in smoking cessation treatment offered through primary care clinics in Ontario displayed a modest but significantly greater rate of outpatient visits, ED visits and hospitalisations over a 5-year follow-up period.

Smoking Cessation Treatment by Primary Care Physicians

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Schnoll ◽  
Margaret Rukstalis ◽  
E. Paul Wileyto ◽  
Alexandra E. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cessation Treatment

scholarly journals Approved and emerging smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Caponnetto ◽  
Riccardo Polosa
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This review focuses on smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It concludes with comments on the significance of the research and why it constitutes an original contribution. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and PsycINFO (Ovid) (2006-2020) for studies on schizophrenic disorder (schizophrenia or psychotic or psychosis or severe mental illness) and smoking cessation treatment (smoking cessation treatment or varenicline or tobacco cessation or reduction or bupropion or NRT or behavioral treatment or e-cigarette). Studies found evidence suggesting that pharmacotherapy combined with behavioural therapy for smoking cessation is effective amongst smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, although more long-term research is required. This review summarised and critically reviewed also studies on vaping as a smoking cessation strategy for smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and evidence suggests that they may effective as smoking cessation tool and may be less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarette smoking. Consequently, e-cigarettes could be considered as an applicable instrument for Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) and smoking cessation. Overall, there are very few studies of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia and these studies are very small. They have promising results, but more research is needed.

scholarly journals Comparison of mHealth and Face-to-Face Interventions for Smoking Cessation Among People Living With HIV: Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olalekan A Uthman ◽  
Chidozie U Nduka ◽  
Mustapha Abba ◽  
Rocio Enriquez ◽  
Helena Nordenstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND The prevalence of smoking among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is higher than that reported in the general population, and it is a significant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases in this group. Mobile phone interventions to promote healthier behaviors (mobile health, mHealth) have the potential to reach a large number of people at a low cost. It has been hypothesized that mHealth interventions may not be as effective as face-to-face strategies in achieving smoking cessation, but there is no systematic evidence to support this, especially among PLHIV. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare two modes of intervention delivery (mHealth vs face-to-face) for smoking cessation among PLHIV. METHODS Literature on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating effects of mHealth or face-to-face intervention strategies on short-term (4 weeks to <6 months) and long-term (≥6 months) smoking abstinence among PLHIV was sought. We systematically reviewed relevant RCTs and conducted pairwise meta-analyses to estimate relative treatment effects of mHealth and face-to-face interventions using standard care as comparison. Given the absence of head-to-head trials comparing mHealth with face-to-face interventions, we performed adjusted indirect comparison meta-analyses to compare these interventions. RESULTS A total of 10 studies involving 1772 PLHIV met the inclusion criteria. The average age of the study population was 45 years, and women comprised about 37%. In the short term, mHealth-delivered interventions were significantly more efficacious in increasing smoking cessation than no intervention control (risk ratio, RR, 2.81, 95% CI 1.44-5.49; n=726) and face-to-face interventions (RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.13-4.72; n=726). In the short term, face-to-face interventions were no more effective than no intervention in increasing smoking cessation (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.94-1.58; n=1144). In terms of achieving long-term results among PLHIV, there was no significant difference in the rates of smoking cessation between those who received mHealth-delivered interventions, face-to-face interventions, or no intervention. Trial sequential analysis showed that only 15.16% (726/1304) and 5.56% (632/11,364) of the required information sizes were accrued to accept or reject a 25% relative risk reduction for short- and long-term smoking cessation treatment effects. In addition, sequential monitoring boundaries were not crossed, indicating that the cumulative evidence may be unreliable and inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Compared with face-to-face interventions, mHealth-delivered interventions can better increase smoking cessation rate in the short term. The evidence that mHealth increases smoking cessation rate in the short term is encouraging but not sufficient to allow a definitive conclusion presently. Future research should focus on strategies for sustaining smoking cessation treatment effects among PLHIV in the long term.

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