Approved and emerging smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A narrative review

This review focuses on smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It concludes with comments on the significance of the research and why it constitutes an original contribution. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and PsycINFO (Ovid) (2006-2020) for studies on schizophrenic disorder (schizophrenia or psychotic or psychosis or severe mental illness) and smoking cessation treatment (smoking cessation treatment or varenicline or tobacco cessation or reduction or bupropion or NRT or behavioral treatment or e-cigarette). Studies found evidence suggesting that pharmacotherapy combined with behavioural therapy for smoking cessation is effective amongst smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, although more long-term research is required. This review summarised and critically reviewed also studies on vaping as a smoking cessation strategy for smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and evidence suggests that they may effective as smoking cessation tool and may be less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarette smoking. Consequently, e-cigarettes could be considered as an applicable instrument for Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) and smoking cessation. Overall, there are very few studies of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia and these studies are very small. They have promising results, but more research is needed.

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Well-being and harm reduction, the consolidated reality of electronic cigarettes ten years later from this emerging phenomenon: A narrative review

Health Psychology Research ◽

10.4081/hpr.2020.9463 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Pasquale Caponnetto

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Harm Reduction ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Well Being ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

National Library ◽

Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽

Cessation Treatment ◽

Original Contribution

Tobacco use is the greatest threat to public health worldwide, killing more than seven million people annually. This paper, about 10 years after the first review on electronic cigarettes, analyses the evolution that this tool has had in these years. It concludes with comments on the significance of the research and why it constitutes an original contribution. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and PsycINFO (Ovid) (2006-2020) for studies on e-cigarettes (harms and benefits, e-cigarette use, craving and smoking cessation) and smoking cessation treatment (smoking cessation treatment or varenicline or tobacco cessation or reduction or bupropion or NRT or behavioral treatment or ecigarette) and evidence suggests that they may effective as smoking cessation tool and may be less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarette smoking. Consequently, e-cigarettes could be considered as an applicable instrument for Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) and smoking cessation.

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The Long-Term Effects of Cellular Telephone-Delivered Telephone Intervention Problem Solving (TIPS) for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs): Rationale and Design

Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses ◽

10.3371/csrp.besm.103114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 164-171

Author(s):

Lora H. Beebe ◽

Kathlene Smith ◽

Chad Phillips ◽

Dawn Velligan ◽

Abbas Tavakoli

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Telephone Intervention ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cellular Telephone ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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Very Long-Term Outcome of Community-Dwelling Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Rural Greece

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease ◽

10.1097/nmd.0000000000001068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 207 (12) ◽

pp. 1012-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vaios Peritogiannis ◽

Aikaterini Grammeniati ◽

Afroditi Gogou ◽

Panagiota Gioti ◽

Venetsanos Mavreas

Keyword(s):

Community Dwelling ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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Cognitive markers related to long-term remission status in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 289 ◽

pp. 113035

Author(s):

Madeleine Johansson ◽

Fredrik Hjärthag ◽

Lars Helldin

Keyword(s):

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Cognitive Markers ◽

Remission Status ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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A review of research on smoking cessation interventions for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Mental Health and Substance Use ◽

10.1080/17523280802593327 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 64-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Joelle C. Ferron ◽

Arthur I. Alterman ◽

Greg J. McHugo ◽

Mary F. Brunette ◽

Robert E. Drake

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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Long-term trajectories of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: A critical overview

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.08.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 1002-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A.B. Shmukler ◽

I.Y. Gurovich ◽

M. Agius ◽

Y. Zaytseva

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Prodromal Phase ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Cognitive Disturbances ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Potential Factors

AbstractBackgroundCognitive disturbances are widely pronounced in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Whilst cognitive deficits are well established in the prodromal phase and are known to deteriorate at the onset of schizophrenia, there is a certain discrepancy of findings regarding the cognitive alterations over the course of the illness.MethodsWe bring together the results of the longitudinal studies identified through PubMed which have covered more than 3 years follow-up and to reflect on the potential factors, such as sample characteristics and stage of the illness which may contribute to the various trajectories of cognitive changes.ResultsA summary of recent findings comprising the changes of the cognitive functioning in schizophrenia patients along the longitudinal course of the illness is provided. The potential approaches for addressing cognition in the course of schizophrenia are discussed.ConclusionsGiven the existing controversies on the course of cognitive changes in schizophrenia, differentiated approaches specifically focusing on the peculiarities of the clinical features and changes in specific cognitive domains could shed light on the trajectories of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and spectrum disorders.

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Validity of urges to smoke measures in predicting smoking relapse during treatment in primary care

npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1038/s41533-021-00259-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Kotz ◽

Carolien van Rossem ◽

Wolfgang Viechtbauer ◽

Mark Spigt ◽

Onno C. P. van Schayck

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽

Cut Point ◽

Point Increase ◽

Cessation Treatment ◽

Measured Time

AbstractIn the context of smoking cessation treatment in primary care, identifying patients at the highest risk of relapse is relevant. We explored data from a primary care trial to assess the validity of two simple urges to smoke questions in predicting long-term relapse and their diagnostic value. Of 295 patients who received behavioural support and varenicline, 180 were abstinent at week 9. In this subgroup, we measured time spent with urges to smoke (TSU) and strength of urges to smoke (SUT; both scales 1 to 6 = highest). We used separate regression models with TSU or SUT as predictor and relapse from week 9–26 or week 9–52 as an outcome. We also calculated the sensitivity (SP), specificity and positive predictive values (PPV) of TSU and SUT in correctly identifying patients who relapsed at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for predicting relapse from week 9–26 were 1.74 per point increase (95% CI = 1.05–2.89) for TSU and 1.59 (95% CI = 1.11–2.28) for SUT. The aORs for predicting relapse from week 9–52 were 2.41 (95% CI = 1.33–4.37) and 1.71 (95% CI = 1.14–2.56), respectively. Applying a cut-point of ≥3 on TSU resulted in SP = 97.1 and PPV = 70.0 in week 9–26, and SP = 98.8 and PPV = 90.0 in week 9–52. Applying a cut-point of ≥4 on SUT resulted in SP = 99.0 and PPV = 85.7 in week 9–26, and SP = 98.8 and PPV = 85.7 in week 9–52. Both TSU and SUT were valid predictors of long-term relapse in patients under smoking cessation treatment in primary care. These simple questions may be useful to implement in primary care.Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register (NTR3067).

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