scholarly journals Simultaneous TALEN-mediated knockout of chrysanthemum DMC1 genes confers male and female sterility

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harue Shinoyama ◽  
Hiroaki Ichikawa ◽  
Ayako Nishizawa-Yokoi ◽  
Mikhail Skaptsov ◽  
Seiichi Toki
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Expression Vector ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Transgene Flow ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Male And Female Sterility

Abstract Genome editing has become one of the key technologies for plant breeding. However, in polyploid species such as chrysanthemum, knockout of all loci of multiple genes is needed to eliminate functional redundancies. We identified six cDNAs for the CmDMC1 genes involved in meiotic homologous recombination in chrysanthemum. Since all six cDNAs harbored a homologous core region, simultaneous knockout via TALEN-mediated genome editing should be possible. We isolated the CmDMC1 loci corresponding to the six cDNAs and constructed a TALEN-expression vector bearing a CmDMC1 target site containing the homologous core region. After transforming two chrysanthemum cultivars with the TALEN-expression vector, seven lines exhibited disruption of all six CmDMC1 loci at the target site as well as stable male and female sterility at 10–30 °C. This strategy to produce completely sterile plants could be widely applicable to prevent the risk of transgene flow from transgenic plants to their wild relatives.

Drosophila melanogaster Importin α1 and α3 Can Replace Importin α2 During Spermatogenesis but Not Oogenesis

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Adam Mason ◽  
Robert J Fleming ◽  
David S Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Degenerate Pcr ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Importin Α ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Male And Female Sterility ◽  
A Site ◽  
Female Gametogenesis

Abstract Importin α’s mediate the nuclear transport of many classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS)-containing proteins. Multicellular animals contain multiple importin α genes, most of which fall into three conventional phylogenetic clades, here designated α1, α2, and α3. Using degenerate PCR we cloned Drosophila melanogaster importin α1, α2, and α3 genes, demonstrating that the complete conventional importin α gene family arose prior to the split between invertebrates and vertebrates. We have begun to analyze the genetic interactions among conventional importin α genes by studying their capacity to rescue the male and female sterility of importin α2 null flies. The sterility of α2 null males was rescued to similar extents by importin α1, α2, and α3 transgenes, suggesting that all three conventional importin α’s are capable of performing the important role of importin α2 during spermatogenesis. In contrast, sterility of α2 null females was rescued only by importin α2 transgenes, suggesting that it plays a paralog-specific role in oogenesis. Female infertility was also rescued by a mutant importin α2 transgene lacking a site that is normally phosphorylated in ovaries. These rescue experiments suggest that male and female gametogenesis have distinct requirements for importin α2.

Aberrant microspore development in hybrids of maize × Tripsacum dactyloides

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Kindiger
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Tripsacum Dactyloides ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Inherent Problem ◽  
Male And Female Sterility

Cytogenetic investigations of meiosis in hybrids between maize and Tripsacum have been well documented; however, the inherent problem of male and female sterility has not been addressed either on a genetic or cytogenetic level. The purpose of this cytological study was to identify some of the probable causes of male sterility in maize × Tripsacum dactyloides hybrids. Disturbances in pollen development of maize × T. dactyloides hybrids, derived from both diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) Tripsacum sources, were commonly observed. Anomalies in the development of the microspore apparently occurred because of a failure of the chromosomes to congregate at the metaphase plate, development of a tripolar spindle, and failure of cytokinesis at the first and second meiotic divisions. Phenotypic features of abnormal microspore development were the maturation of large pollen grains, "Siamese" pollen grains, the occurrence of variable invaginations, and a nuclear budding-type behavior. These abnormalities were not observed in the 56-chromosome amphidiploid or the 38-chromosome backcross generations.Key words: maize, Tripsacum, microspore, sterility.

scholarly journals Male and female sterility in Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 413-428
Author(s):  
Athena Pantazis ◽  
Samuel J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Female Sterility ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Sterility

scholarly journals FERTILITY GENES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. FREQUENCY, ALLELISM AND PERSISTENCE OF STERILITY GENES

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361
Author(s):  
Chozo Oshima ◽  
Takao K Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Random Combination ◽  
Cage Population ◽  
Male And Female Sterility ◽  
Fertility Genes ◽  
Sterility Genes ◽  
Lethal Genes

ABSTRACT Three or four percent of the wild flies in natural populations of D. melanogaster have been found to be sterile. An analysis of sterility associated with the second chromosome revealed a much lower frequency of genetically sterile flies. The accumulation of sterility genes in a cage population was proportional to that of lethal genes, as were their equilibrium frequencies in several natural populations. Many sterile chromosomes were associated with low viability due to pleiotropic effects. The number of chromosomes leading to sterility in both sexes was larger than the expectation based on random combination of male and female sterility genes. This suggests that there is some linkage disequilibrium between male and female sterility genes, as well as a pleiotropic effect of single sterility genes. Some sterility genes were maintained in natural and cage populations, and the patterns of persistence of the sterility genes were very similar to those of lethal genes.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Factors Contributing to Reproductive Success and Failure in Potato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Bethke ◽  
Shelley H. Jansky
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Male And Female Sterility ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

AbstractThe foundation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) breeding and the development of new potato varieties is the crossing of parents to produce seeds that contain new combinations of alleles that may be superior to those in either parent. In this review, we begin by highlighting a signature problem of potato breeding, the widespread lack of fertility observed in many lines. We summarize normal development of male and female reproductive structures, fertilization and embryo growth. Various manifestations of male and female sterility are then described. These include defects of meiosis and mitosis, bud abscission, competition between reproductive structures and tubers for resources, and cytoplasmic male sterility. Effects of environmental determinants, such as temperature and light intensity, on fertility are discussed. Finally, suggested best practices that promote fertility are provided as a guide for those conducting breeding and genetics work with potato.

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