Dust Structure Nearby G229-03

The Sky View Virtual Observatory was used for the systematic search of dust structures within the far-infrared loop G229-03. The source (object) responsible for the formation of the cavity of interest was detected by the Set of Identifications, Measurements, and Bibliography for Astronomical Data (SIMBAD) database. The total mass of the loop was 8.50031 × 1029 kg which is about 0.425 times the mass of the Sun at a distance of 1300 pc. The size of the cavity was 3.67° × 3.6°, whereas its core size was 0.531° × 0.255° located at R.A. (J2000) = 7h10m0.8s and Dec.(J2000) =15h55m30s. The minimum and maximum temperatures were between 20.24 ± 1.16 K and 18.63 ± 1.96 K respectively. In the core region, the average temperature was 19.53 K, approximately equal to Gaussian center 19.267 K with an offset temperature of 0.4 K showing that the core region of the cavity is dynamically stable. The Far-infrared loop was found to be located within a 1° radius around the high-velocity cloud HVC oriented by 45° to the plane of the sky. The inclination angle of the core of the loop was greater than 60° whereas the inclination angle for the larger structure was 13.71°. The Gaussian distribution of temperature was well fitted with the center of 19.267 K which shows that the cavity was in thermal equilibrium and the outer region with offset temperature of about 35 K suggesting that the loop was dynamically unstable possibly due to high-velocity cloud

Li(2p ← 2s) + Na(3s) pressure broadening in the far-wing and line-core profiles

This work reports pressure-broadening line-wing and line-core of the lithium Li (2p ← 2s) resonance line perturbed by ground sodium Na (3s) atoms. In far-wing region the calculations are performed quantum-mechanically and are intended to examine the photoabsorption coefficients at diverse temperatures. The results show the existence of three satellites, in the blue wing near the wavelengths 470nm and in the red wing around 862 and 1070nm. For the line-core region, by adopting the simplified Baranger model the line-width and line-shift rates are determined and their variation law with temperature is examined. No published data were found to compare these results with.

Influence of Precast Member Corbels on Seismic Performance of Precast Beam-Slab-Column Joints

To improve the construction efficiency of precast structures, reinforced concrete corbels acted as support members are the most common connection method. This work presents the performance of a specific beam-to-column connection using corbels with different anchorage arrangements in precast beam-slab-column interior joint taken out from precast underground subway station. This paper investigates the performance of a specific full-scale precast concrete beam-slab-column interior joint with corbels and various connected methods subjected to low-cycle repeated loading. Meanwhile, the influences of concrete corbels (including column- and beam-end corbels) on the shear strength and deformation are investigated. The analyses results indicated that (1) corbels of the laminated beam (composite beam) can obviously improve the shear stress of the core region, which was beneficial for specimen design followed the strong-joint-weak-member concept; (2) a simplified approach to deal with the uneven thickness of corbels in the core region was proposed, which was utilized to study the effect of thickness on the shear performance of the core region; (3) the shear stress increased with respect to the compression stress, and the shear strain had a trend of decreasing according to calculating results using modified compression field theory; and (4) the deterministic expressions were proposed to predict the designed load of column corbels based on three different connection methods between laminated beams and core region of joint.

Black Holes as Geometric Distortional Extrema

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter as extended to extreme curvature limits results in characteristics mimicking those of galactic-holes. The distorted-geometry structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Of particular interest is that of r-6 energy-density behavior at structural radial distances near the core of the distortion, a region also displaying potential-well behavior.

A Resident State Allows Influenza Polymerase to Smoothly Switch between Transcription and Replication Cycles

Influenza polymerase (FluPol) transcripts viral mRNA and switches to replicate viral genome after transcription. However, it remains unknown how FluPol switches between transcription and replication cycles, especially when considering that the structural basis of these two functions is fundamentally different. Here, we proposed a mechanism that FluPol achieves the functional switching between these two cycles through an unreported intermediate conformation, termed as resident state. We obtained a resident state structure of H5N1 FluPol at 3.7 angstroms using cryo-EM, which is characterized by a blocked Cap-binding domain and a contracted core region, distinct from the structures of either transcription or replication states. Structural analysis results suggest that the resident state structure is feasible to smoothly transit into structures of both transcription and replication states. Furthermore, we show that formation of the resident state is required for both transcription and replication activities of FluPol. Together, the transcription and replication cycles of FluPol are connected via a resident state.

Distortional Extrema and Holes in the Geometric Manifold

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter as extended to extreme curvature limits results in characteristics mimicking those of galactic-holes. The distorted-geometry structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Of particular interest is that of r-6 energy-density behavior at structural radial distances near the core of the distortion, a region also displaying potential-well behavior.

Investigating the physics of disruptions with real-time tomography at JET

As JET is developing and testing operational scenarios for higher fusion performance, an increase in pulse disruptivity is being observed. On a deeper analysis, we find that several radiative phenomena play an active role in determining the outcome of the pulse. The analysis is enabled by the use of real-time tomography based on the bolometer diagnostic. Even though plasma tomography is an inverse problem, we use machine learning to train a forward model that provides the radiation profile directly, based on a single matrix multiplication step. This model is used to investigate radiative phenomena including sawtooth crashes, ELMs and MARFE, and their relationship to the radiated power in different regions of interest. In particular, we use real-time tomography to monitor the core region, and to throw an alarm whenever core radiation exceeds a certain threshold. Our results suggest that this measure alone can anticipate a significant fraction of disruptions in the JET baseline scenario.

Impact of Flow Based Market Coupling on the European Electricity Markets

Flow Based Market Coupling is the target model for determining exchange capacities in the internal European Electricity Market. It has been in operation in Central Western Europe since 2015 and is scheduled to be extended to the wider Core region in the near future. Exchange capacities have a significant impact on market prices, exchanges and the energy mix, thus also determining the CO$${}_{2}$$ 2 footprint of electricity generation in the system. Stakeholders therefore need to develop an understanding for the impact of Flow Based Market Coupling and the parameter choice, like the minimum exchange capacities introduced in 2020, on the market outcome. This article presents a framework to model Flow Based Market Coupling and analyse the impact of different levels of regulatory induced minimum trading capacities as well as the effect of the extension towards the Core region. Electricity prices, exchange positions and the number and nature of binding constraints in the market results under different market coupling scenarios are investigated. The results show that increased level of minimum trading capacities in CWE market coupling decrease the German net export position by up to 7 TW h or 23%, while French exports increase by up to 10 TW h or 9%. The different transfer capacity in the scenarios induce a price difference of up to 13%. Increased exchange capacities allow for more base load generation with the corresponding effects for the CO$${}_{2}$$ 2 emissions of the system. The nature of coupling constraints is highly dynamic and dependent on the system state, which makes the suitability of static NTC values in energy system scenarios questionable.

The Asymmetric Precipitation Evolution in Weak Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Rumbia (2018) Over East China

The rainfall in landfalling TC is not always correlated with the storm intensity. Some weak landfalling TCs could bring extremely heavy rainfall during and after landfall. Such extreme events are very challenging to operational forecasts and often lead to disasters in the affected regions. Tropical storm Rumbia (2018) made its landfall in Shanghai with weak intensity but led to long-lasting and increasing rainfall to East China. The asymmetric rainfall evolution of Rumbia during and after its landfall was diagnosed based on the fifth generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA5) data, the tropical cyclone (TC) best-track data, and rainfall observations from China Meteorological Administration (CMA). Results showed that Rumbia was embedded in an environment with a deep-layer (300–850 hPa) southwesterly vertical wind shear (VWS). The maximum rainfall mostly occurred downshear-left in its inner-core region and downshear-right in the outer-core region. The translation of Rumbia also contributed to the rainfall distribution to some extent, especially prior to and just after its landfall. The strong southwesterly-southeasterly summer monsoon flow transported water vapor from the tropical ocean and the East China Sea to the TC core region, providing moisture and convective instability conditions in the mid-lower troposphere for the sustained rainfall even after Rumbia moved well inland. The results also showed that the low-level convective instability and the deep-layer environmental VWS played an important role in deepening the inflow boundary layer and the redevelopment of the secondary circulation, thus contributing to the heavy rainfall in the northeast quadrant of Rumbia after its landfall. However, further in-depth studies are recommended in regard of the rainfall evolution in the weak TCs. This study further calls for a continuous understanding of the involved physical processes/mechanisms that are responsible for the extreme rainfall induced by landfalling TCs, which can help improve the rainfall forecast skills and support damage mitigation in the future.

Spatial and Seasonal Characteristics of Air Pollution Spillover in China

Air pollution spillover can cause air pollution to negatively affect neighboring regions. The structure of air pollution spillover varies with changes in season and space. Researching the spatial and seasonal characteristics of air pollution spillover is beneficial for determining air pollution prevention and control policies. First, this paper uses the GARCH-BEKK model to correlate the air pollution spillover among cities. Second, a complex network is constructed, and cities that have stronger spillover correlations are grouped into the same region. Finally, motifs are analyzed regarding the spillover relationships among regions. This paper also compares the structure of air pollution spillover during various seasons. This study determines that every season has a core region where the air pollution spillover exits the region. The core region in the spring is western East China, in the summer it is northern East China, in the autumn it is northern East China, and in the winter it is northern North China. These regions interact with most other regions. Furthermore, in spring and winter, the phenomena of air pollution spillover between regions are stronger than those in summer and autumn. We can weaken the air pollution spillover by controlling the air pollution in core regions.