scholarly journals The hump-shaped effect of plant functional diversity on the biological control of a multi-species pest community

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Gardarin ◽  
Justine Pigot ◽  
Muriel Valantin-Morison
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Herbivorous Species ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Plant Functional Diversity ◽  
Diversity Effects

AbstractPlant taxonomic and functional diversity promotes interactions at higher trophic levels, but the contribution of functional diversity effects to multitrophic interactions and ecosystem functioning remains unclear. We investigated this relationship in a factorial field experiment comparing the effect of contrasting plant communities on parasitism rates in five herbivore species. We used a mechanistic trait-matching approach between plant and parasitoids to determine the amount of nectar available and accessible to parasitoids. This trait-matching approach best explained the rates of parasitism of each herbivorous species, confirming the predominant role of mass-ratio effects. We found evidence for an effect of functional diversity only in analyses considering the ability of plant communities to support the parasitism of all herbivores simultaneously. Multi-species parasitism was maximal at intermediate levels of functional diversity. Plant specific richness had a negligible influence relative to functional metrics. Plant communities providing large amounts of accessible nectar and with intermediate levels of functional diversity were found to be the most likely to enhance the conservation biological control of diverse crop herbivores.

scholarly journals Successful Invasions and Failed Biocontrol: The Role of Antagonistic Species Interactions

BioScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 711-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N Schulz ◽  
Rima D Lucardi ◽  
Travis D Marsico
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Nonnative Species ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Top Down

Abstract Understanding the successes and failures of nonnative species remains challenging. In recent decades, researchers have developed the enemy release hypothesis and other antagonist hypotheses, which posit that nonnative species either fail or succeed in a novel range because of the presence or absence of antagonists. The premise of classical biological control of invasive species is that top-down control works. We identify twelve existing hypotheses that address the roles that antagonists from many trophic levels play during plant and insect invasions in natural environments. We outline a unifying framework of antagonist hypotheses to simplify the relatedness among the hypotheses, incorporate the role of top-down and bottom-up influences on nonnative species, and encourage expansion of experimental assessments of antagonist hypotheses to include belowground and fourth trophic level antagonists. A mechanistic understanding of antagonists and their impacts on nonnative species is critical in a changing world.

scholarly journals The role of landscape composition and heterogeneity on the taxonomical and functional diversity of Mediterranean plant communities in agricultural landscapes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0238222
Author(s):  
Joana Cursach ◽  
Juan Rita ◽  
Carmelo Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Carles Cardona ◽  
Miquel Capó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Mediterranean Plant

No plant functional diversity effects on foliar fungal pathogens in experimental tree communities

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Hantsch ◽  
Uwe Braun ◽  
Josephine Haase ◽  
Oliver Purschke ◽  
Michael Scherer-Lorenzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Tree Communities ◽  
Plant Functional Diversity ◽  
Diversity Effects

scholarly journals Latitude dictates plant diversity effects on instream decomposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. eabe7860
Author(s):  
Luz Boyero ◽  
Javier Pérez ◽  
Naiara López-Rojo ◽  
Alan M. Tonin ◽  
Francisco Correa-Araneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Resource Concentration ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Plant Functional Diversity ◽  
Diversity Effects ◽  
Global Carbon

Running waters contribute substantially to global carbon fluxes through decomposition of terrestrial plant litter by aquatic microorganisms and detritivores. Diversity of this litter may influence instream decomposition globally in ways that are not yet understood. We investigated latitudinal differences in decomposition of litter mixtures of low and high functional diversity in 40 streams on 6 continents and spanning 113° of latitude. Despite important variability in our dataset, we found latitudinal differences in the effect of litter functional diversity on decomposition, which we explained as evolutionary adaptations of litter-consuming detritivores to resource availability. Specifically, a balanced diet effect appears to operate at lower latitudes versus a resource concentration effect at higher latitudes. The latitudinal pattern indicates that loss of plant functional diversity will have different consequences on carbon fluxes across the globe, with greater repercussions likely at low latitudes.

scholarly journals Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (52) ◽  
pp. 20684-20689 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Diaz ◽  
S. Lavorel ◽  
F. de Bello ◽  
F. Quetier ◽  
K. Grigulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Plant Functional Diversity ◽  
Diversity Effects
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