tree communities
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor de Andrade Kamimura ◽  
Gabriel Mendes Marcusso ◽  
Gabriel Pavan Sabino ◽  
Marco Antonio Assis ◽  
Carlos Alfredo Joly ◽  
...  

Abstract Unveiling the ecological processes driving diversity and its relationship to the environment remains a central goal in ecological studies. Here, we investigated the elevation effect on plant diversity patterns of tropical rainforests, using beta-, phylogenetic and alpha diversities. To do so, we compiled a forest dataset with 22,236 trees (DBH ≥ 4.8 cm) from 17 plots of 1 ha each along an elevational gradient (0 – 1,200 m a.s.l) in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. We found high phylogenetic and species rates of turnover – beta-diversity - along the elevational gradient. Alpha phylodiversity showed a monotonic decrease with increasing elevation, including or not fern species (a distantly related clade usually ignored in tropical ecology studies), while the phylogenetic structure was highly affected by the inclusion of fern trees. Species diversity showed a unimodal pattern for the whole community, and different patterns for the richest families. The diversity pattern of the whole community emerges from differences among species distribution of the richest families, while phylogenetic diversity seems to be gradually filtered by elevation. At intermediate elevations, higher species diversification within families might have led to different strategies and cooccurrence in tropical rainforests. We also showed that intricate effects of elevation in species assemblages can be better assessed using both ecological and evolutionary approaches, stressing the importance of species selection in diversity analyzes. Finally, we demonstrate that elevation has different effects on the species distributions of the richest families and warn that these differences should be considered in conservation planning.


Author(s):  
Stephan Kambach ◽  
Richard Condit ◽  
Salomón Aguilar ◽  
Helge Bruelheide ◽  
Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin ◽  
...  

All species must balance their allocation to growth, survival and recruitment. Among trees, evolution has resulted in different strategies of partitioning resources to these key demographic processes, i.e. demographic trade-offs. It is unclear whether the same demographic trade-offs structure tropical forests worldwide. Here, we used data from 13 large-scale and long-term tropical forest plots to estimate the principal trade-offs in growth, survival, recruitment, and tree stature at each site. For ten sites, two trade-offs appeared repeatedly. One trade-off showed a negative relationship between growth and survival, i.e. the well-known fast−slow continuum. The second trade-off distinguished between tall-statured species and species with high recruitment rates, i.e. a stature−recruitment trade-off. Thus, the fast-slow continuum and tree stature are two independent dimensions structuring most tropical tree communities. Our discovery of the consistency of demographic trade-offs and strategies across forest types in three continents substantially improves our ability to predict tropical forest dynamics worldwide.


2021 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 119571
Author(s):  
Vincent Maicher ◽  
Connie J. Clark ◽  
David J. Harris ◽  
Vincent P. Medjibe ◽  
John R. Poulsen

Flora ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 151952
Author(s):  
Wesley Jonatar Alves da Cruz ◽  
Beatriz Schwantes Marimon ◽  
Ben Hur Marimon ◽  
Izabel Amorim ◽  
Paulo S. Morandi ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Stephan Kambach ◽  
Richard Condit ◽  
Salomón Aguilar ◽  
Helge Bruelheide ◽  
Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin ◽  
...  

All species must balance their allocation to growth, survival and recruitment. Among trees, evolution has resulted in different strategies of partitioning resources to these key demographic processes, i.e. demographic trade-offs. It is unclear whether the same demographic trade-offs structure tropical forests worldwide. Here, we used data from 13 large-scale and long-term tropical forest plots to estimate the principal trade-offs in growth, survival, recruitment, and tree stature at each site. For ten sites, two trade-offs appeared repeatedly. One trade-off showed a negative relationship between growth and survival, i.e. the well-known fast−slow continuum. The second trade-off distinguished between tall-statured species and species with high recruitment rates, i.e. a stature−recruitment trade-off. Thus, the fast-slow continuum and tree stature are two independent dimensions structuring most tropical tree communities. Our discovery of the consistency of demographic trade-offs and strategies across forest types in three continents substantially improves our ability to predict tropical forest dynamics worldwide.


Author(s):  
Mike Premer ◽  
Robert E. Froese

In naturally regenerated managed forests, silvicultural methods leverage timing and intensity of harvesting activities to align with species-specific reproduction mechanisms. With contemporary emphasis on complex stand structure and diverse composition, there is uncertainty in the continued use of timber-oriented management practices in meeting evolving objectives. In the northern hardwood region of North America, selection regeneration systems are assumed to result in homogenization of structure and composition through increasing dominance of Acer saccharum Marsh. Given the coupling of soils and vegetation in northern hardwoods, trends in site conditions that may be more resilient/facilitative to community diversity may be of value to silviculturists. Remote sensing products and inventory records were integrated to assess tree communities across site variables in northern Michigan, USA. Results reveal that composition is stabilized by local landforms and diversity increases with hydrologic catchment area. Time since treatment (0-54 years) appeared negatively correlated with catchment area, suggesting lowlands with high diversity are not managed or harvested infrequently, reflecting equipment access and operational logistics. Broad interpretations of selection regeneration systems may be invalidated by the influence of site conditions not previously accounted for, and results highlight a novel technique to capture the effect of topography on species assemblages.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244
Author(s):  
Williamar Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Pedro Aurélio Costa Lima Pequeno ◽  
Hugo Leonardo Sousa Farias ◽  
Valdinar Ferreira Melo ◽  
Carlos Darwin Angulo Villacorta ◽  
...  

The structure of tree communities in tropical forests depends on environmental filters and biotic interactions such as competition and facilitation. Many ecotone forests in Northern Amazonia are intriguingly populated by tree assemblages characterized by distinct abundances of a single species, Peltogyne gracilipes (Leguminosae). It is unclear whether this pattern solely reflects environmental filters or also antagonistic interactions among species with similar habitat requirements. The aim of this study was to determine the response of species richness and composition to environmental filters, and analyze the role of P. gracilipes in structuring tree communities in ecotone forest areas of the Northern Brazilian Amazonia. We sampled 129 permanent plots along a hydro-edaphic gradient. All arboreal individuals with stem diameter ≥10 cm were measured and identified. Multiple regressions were performed to test the effects of environmental filters, and abundance of P. gracilipes on the tree species richness and composition. Species richness and composition responded to the same filters which, in turn, affected species composition directly and indirectly, through the abundance of P. gracilipes. Our results indicate that both abiotic filters and biotic interactions shape the studied tree communities. P. gracilipes can be considered an indicator species of hydro-edaphic conditions, but also is itself a driver of tree community structure.


Author(s):  
Kwek Yan Chong ◽  
Sherry Ming Xuan Hung ◽  
Choon Yen Koh ◽  
Reuben Chong Jin Lim ◽  
Jolyn Weiting Loh ◽  
...  

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