scholarly journals Adverse health and environmental outcomes of cycling in heavily polluted urban environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Adamiec ◽  
Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska ◽  
Aleksandra Bilkiewicz-Kubarek
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Dust Resuspension ◽  
Adults And Children

AbstractCycling is a healthy habit; however, are its benefits outweighing risks when biking in heavily trafficked and air-polluted cities? Research involved studying contamination with traffic-related elements of dust collected from bike paths located in top trafficked cities of Europe in Poland. Human health risk was assessed via inhalation and ingestion pathways for adults and children. Bike path dust was heavily contaminated with Zn, Cd (Geoaccumulation index Igeo 4) and Pb (Igeo 3), sourced predominantly from nonexhaust car emissions. The concentrations of metals in dust decreased in the following descending order: Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd. A fractionation study revealed that Zn and Cd are almost entirely bioavailable (Mobility factor MF above 90%), causing hazards to humans and the environment. The highest congested intersections result in more TRAP-contaminated dust deposited on bike paths, which is easily resuspended, posing a health risk for cyclists or pedestrians. Avoiding cycling in proximity to heavily trafficked routes should be considered, when possible, as well as physical removal of dust by wet sweeping to limit dust resuspension.

scholarly journals Surface and Groundwater Pollution: the Invisible, Creeping Threat to Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Hammad Ahmed Shah ◽  
Muhammad Sheraz ◽  
Afed Ullah Khan ◽  
Fayaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Liaqat Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Dissolved Trace Elements

AbstractThis study reports pollution source apportionment of surface waters and human health risk assessment based on 18 physicochemical and traces elements from 24 water quality monitoring sites for surface and groundwater around the two trans-boundary rivers of Pakistan: The Ravi and Sutlej. The principal component analysis identified 6 principal components (76.98 % cumulative variance) which are mainly caused by untreated industrial effluents, intense agricultural activities, and irrigation tailwater discharges. For all dissolved trace elements in surface waters, health hazard indices (HI) and hazard quotients (HQ) through ingestion and dermal contact are < 1 except As and Cr through ingestion only (for both adults and children). For adults and children, the HQingestion and HI values for As, Mn, Cu (for children only) and As, Fe, Mn (for children only) are > 1, indicating that As, Mn, Fe, and Cu are the most important pollutants causing chronic risks among the selected trace elements in both shallow and deep groundwater respectively. HQingestion, HQdermal, and HI values are higher for children than that of adults which shows the high susceptibility of children to these dissolved trace elements. The carcinogenic indices for the entire surface water elements exceed 10−6 through dermal and ingestion pathways suggesting carcinogenic health risk to the surrounding community. Hence, to protect human health, wastewater treatment plants and best management practices should be practiced to control point source and nonpoint source pollution respectively in the understudied area.

scholarly journals Assessment of groundwater quality and health risk in drinking water basin using GIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şehnaz Şener ◽  
Erhan Şener ◽  
Ayşen Davraz
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Investigation Area ◽  
Adults And Children

Eğirdir Lake basin was selected as the study area because the lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Turkey and groundwater in the basin is used as drinking water. In the present study, 29 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters to determine the hydrochemical characteristics, groundwater quality, and human health risk in the study area. The dominant ions are Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO32−, and SO42. According to Gibbs plot, the predominant samples fall in the rock–water interaction field. A groundwater quality index (WQI) reveals that the majority of the samples falls under good to excellent category of water, suggesting that the groundwater is suitable for drinking and other domestic uses. The Ca-Mg-HCO3, Ca-HCO3, Ca-SO4-HCO3, and Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 water types are the dominant water types depending on the water–rock interaction in the investigation area. Risk of metals to human health was then evaluated using hazard quotients (HQ) by ingestion and dermal pathways for adults and children. It was indicated that As with HQ ingestion &gt;1 was the most important pollutant leading to non-carcinogenic concerns. It can be concluded that the highest contributors to chronic risks were As and Cr for both adults and children.

scholarly journals Total Water Quality And Total Human Health Hazard Indices Approach For Health Risk Evaluation With Oral Intake Pathway of Groundwater of Nitrate And Fluoride From A Rural Region of South India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakram Gugulothu ◽  
N. Subbarao ◽  
Rashmirekha Das ◽  
Laxman Duvva ◽  
Ratnakar Dhakate
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Human Health Hazard

Abstract Evaluation of chemical quality of groundwater and associated health hazards is a prerequisite for taking remedial measures elsewhere. A rural region of South India was, thus, chosen for the present study to assess the total quality of groundwater and also to decipher the human health risk zones with respect to adults and children due to the groundwater pollution with nitrate (NO-3) and fluoride (F-) ions. Groundwater samples collected from the study region were determined for various chemical parameters. According to the total water quality index, groundwater quality is suitable for drinking purposes. However, the NO-3 (0.4 to 585.20 mg/L) and F-(0.22 to 5.41 mg/L) ions exceed the drinking water quality limits of 45 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L in 34% and 25% of the groundwater samples, respectively. Nitrate fertilizers appeared as the chief source of NO-3, and the fluoride minerals as the main source of F- in the groundwater body, which are further supported by principal component analysis. Total human health hazard index (THHHI) was observed to be higher than its tolerable limit of 1.0 in 63% and 73% of the groundwater samples in respect of NO-3 and F- of adults and children, respectively. The intensity of human health risk zones of THHHI (>1.0) was 1.37 times higher in children (5.69) than in children (4.15), which cover an area of 71.75% and 66.73%, respectively. Thus, the effective strategic measures were recommended for the protection of groundwater resources from pollution and also for improving the human health conditions.

Human health risk assessment: application of the NORISC-HRA and ROME models at two test sites

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quercia ◽  
A. Vecchio ◽  
M. Falconi ◽  
L. Togni ◽  
E. Wcislo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment
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