The chemical defensome of five model teleost fish

AbstractHow an organism copes with chemicals is largely determined by the genes and proteins that collectively function to defend against, detoxify and eliminate chemical stressors. This integrative network includes receptors and transcription factors, biotransformation enzymes, transporters, antioxidants, and metal- and heat-responsive genes, and is collectively known as the chemical defensome. Teleost fish is the largest group of vertebrate species and can provide valuable insights into the evolution and functional diversity of defensome genes. We have previously shown that the xenosensing pregnane x receptor (pxr, nr1i2) is lost in many teleost species, including Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), but it is not known if compensatory mechanisms or signaling pathways have evolved in its absence. In this study, we compared the genes comprising the chemical defensome of five fish species that span the teleosteii evolutionary branch often used as model species in toxicological studies and environmental monitoring programs: zebrafish (Danio rerio), medaka (Oryzias latipes), Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), Atlantic cod, and three-spined stickleback. Genome mining revealed evolved differences in the number and composition of defensome genes that can have implication for how these species sense and respond to environmental pollutants, but we did not observe any candidates of compensatory mechanisms or pathways in cod and stickleback in the absence of pxr. The results indicate that knowledge regarding the diversity and function of the defensome will be important for toxicological testing and risk assessment studies.

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The Chemical Defensome of Fish: Conservation and Divergence of Genes Involved in Sensing and Responding to Pollutants Among Five Model Teleosts

10.21203/rs.3.rs-175531/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marta Eide ◽

Xiaokang Zhang ◽

Odd André Karlsen ◽

Jared V. Goldstone ◽

John Stegeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Biotransformation Enzymes ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Evolutionary Branch ◽

Sense And Respond ◽

And Function

Abstract How an organism copes with chemicals is largely determined by the genes and proteins that collectively function to defend against, detoxify and eliminate chemical stressors. This integrative network includes receptors and transcription factors, biotransformation enzymes, transporters, antioxidants, and metal- and heat-responsive genes, and is collectively known as the chemical defensome. Although the types of defensome genes are generally conserved in animals, there are important differences in the complement and function of specific genes between species. Teleost fish is the largest group of vertebrate species and can provide valuable insights into the evolution and functional diversity of defensome genes.In this study, we compared the genes comprising the chemical defensome of five fish species that span the teleosteii evolutionary branch often used as model species in toxicological studies and environmental monitoring programs: zebrafish (Danio rerio), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), medaka (Oryzias latipes), Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Genome miningrevealed evolved differences in the number and composition of defensome genes that can have implication for how these species sense and respond to environmental pollutants. The results indicate that knowledge regarding the diversity and function of the defensome will be important for toxicological testing and risk assessment studies.

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Purification of hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 from β-naphthoflavone-treated Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), a marine teleost fish

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects ◽

10.1016/0304-4165(85)90222-3 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 840 (3) ◽

pp. 409-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

A GOKSOYR

Keyword(s):

Teleost Fish ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Marine Teleost ◽

Marine Teleost Fish

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Effects of Hibernia Production Water on the Survival, Growth and Biochemistry of Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) and Northern Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus)

Produced Water ◽

10.1007/978-1-4614-0046-2_17 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 329-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Les Burridge ◽

Monica Boudreau ◽

Monica Lyons ◽

Simon Courtenay ◽

Kenneth Lee

Keyword(s):

Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Production Water

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Experimental infection of fish with larval sealworm, Pseudotertanova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakinae), transmitted by amphipods

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f95-520 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 52 (S1) ◽

pp. 140-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G. McClelland

Keyword(s):

Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Host Tissue ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Osmerus Mordax ◽

Pleuronectes Americanus ◽

Rainbow Smelt ◽

Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽

The Brain

Larval sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens, (Krabbe 1878)) were transmitted sequentially through copepods and amphipods to 12 phylogenetically diverse fish species. Although P. decipiens in amphipods were 0.82–7.08 mm long, only those ≥1.41 mm were infective to fish. Sealworm transmitted at 15 °C migrated to the musculature within 6 h in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and 12 h in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) but were confined to the bolus in an Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stomach at 24 h. All sealworm in smelt, but only 12% of those in cod, occupied the musculature after 7 days. Death of 15 mummichog and a grubby (Myoxocephalus aenaeus) 10–20 days after exposure apparently resulted from damage to the brain, heart, aorta, liver, or spleen by feeding and migrating nematodes. Whereas 100% of the sealworm in grubby and 86–88% of those in mummichog and winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) were dead and encapsulated in host connective tissue after 56 days, all P. decipiens in smelt were viable and unencapsulated. With length increasing linearly at 0.421 mm day−1, sealworm larvae reached 27.29 (23.60–30.70) mm after 56 days in smelt at 15 °C. However, P. decipiens, which escaped the host tissue response in mummichog and flounder, were only 10.14 (6.00–21.80) and 12.42 (9.53–14.40) mm in length, respectively.

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Species characteristics of the hepatic xenobiotic and steroid biotransformation systems of two teleost fish, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/0041-008x(87)90154-2 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 347-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Anders Goksøyr ◽

Tommy Andersson ◽

Tiiu Hansson ◽

Jarle Klungsøyr ◽

Yusheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Teleost Fish ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Salmo Gairdneri ◽

Steroid Biotransformation ◽

Species Characteristics

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Effects of temperature on life history set the sensitivity to fishing in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps10943 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 514 ◽

pp. 217-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

HY Wang ◽

LW Botsford ◽

JW White ◽

MJ Fogarty ◽

F Juanes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Effects Of Temperature

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Responses of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua head kidney leukocytes to phytase produced by gastrointestinal-derived bacteria

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1007/s10695-009-9364-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 883-891 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Carlo C. Lazado ◽

Christopher Marlowe A. Caipang ◽

Sanchala Gallage ◽

Monica F. Brinchmann ◽

Viswanath Kiron

Keyword(s):

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Head Kidney

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Some recent data on sperm morphology and motility kinetics in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1007/s10695-020-00915-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavi ◽

Azadeh Hatef ◽

Ian A.E. Butts ◽

Olga Bondarenko ◽

Jacky Cosson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gadus Morhua ◽

Sperm Morphology ◽

Atlantic Cod

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Natural mortality from poor condition in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f00-023 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 826-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Jean-Denis Dutil ◽

Yvan Lambert

Keyword(s):

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Fish Muscle ◽

Early Summer ◽

Wild Fish ◽

Natural Mortality ◽

Muscle Lactate ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Poor Condition

The extent of energy depletion was assessed in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in spring and early summer (1993-1995) to assess relationships between poor condition and natural mortality. Several indices of condition were compared in wild fish in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and in fish exposed to a prolonged period of starvation in laboratory experiments. Discriminant analyses classified only a small fraction of the wild fish as similar to cod that did not survive and a much larger fraction as similar to cod that survived starvation. This percentage increased from April to May and peaked in June 1993 and 1994. Condition factor and muscle somatic index allowed a clear distinction between live and dead fish. Muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity suggested that cod had experienced a period of negative growth early in 1993, 1994, and 1995. Fish classified as similar to starved individuals were characterized by a higher gonad to liver mass ratio than others. Reproduction may have a negative impact on survival not only in spring but also later into summer, as some individuals were found not to have recovered by late summer. This study shows that natural mortality from poor condition contributed to lower production in the early 1990s.

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