Relation of the lumbosacral trunk to the sacro-iliac joint

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the relation between the lumbosacral trunk (LT) and the sacro-iliac joint (SIJ). In forty anatomic specimens (hemipelves) a classical antero-lateral approach to the SIJ was performed. The SIJ was marked at the linea terminalis (reference point A). Reference point B was situated at the upper edge of the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament. The length of the SIJ (distance A to B) and the distance between point A and the ventral branch of the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbar spinal nerves at the linea terminalis were measured. The SIJ had a mean length of 58.0 mm. The ventral branch of L5 was located closer to the SIJ in very long SIJs (mean length: ≥ 6.5 cm; mean distance: 9.8 mm) compared to very short joints (≤ 5 mm; mean distance: 11.3 mm). For the ventral branch of L4, very long SIJs had a mean distance of 7 mm and very short joints an average distance of 9.7 mm between point A and the nerve branch. A safe zone of approximately 1 cm to 2 cm (anterior to posterior) is present on the sacral surface (lateral to medial) for safe fixation of plates during anterior plate stabilization of the SIJ. Pelves with a shorter dorsoventral diameter of the most superior part of the SIJ apparently give more space for inserting plates.

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Polyneuronal Innervation of the Fast Muscles of the Marine Teleost Cottus Scorpius L

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.50.1.47 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 47-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RICHARD C. L. HUDSON

Keyword(s):

Action Potential ◽

Electrical Response ◽

Average Distance ◽

Compound Action Potential ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Marine Teleost ◽

Spinal Nerves ◽

Fast Muscles ◽

Polyneuronal Innervation ◽

Compound Action

1. Histological and electrophysiological studies of the spinal nerves, nerve roots and muscles of the abdominal wall of the marine teleost Cottus scorpius have been undertaken to determine the extent and nature of polyneuronal innervation of the fast muscles. 2. Spinal nerves at proximal and distal levels, and the dorsal roots, contain axons in a single mixed population with a mean diameter of 2-4 µm., while the ventral roots contain axons in two diameter classes with means at 4-6 and 12-14 µm. 3. Between 8 and 22 distributed nerve terminations were counted on fifty-two teased intact single muscle fibres stained for acetylcholinesterase activity. The average distance between the terminals is 0.64 mm. (range 0.094-2.050 mm.). 4. The compound action potential of the nerve comprises two principal peaks with conduction velocities of 17.0-23.8 m./sec. and 1.5-12.2 m./sec. at 10-12° C. 5. Fast muscle fibres gave two types of electrical response--all-or-none spike potentials that are propagated with a conduction velocity of c. I.I m.7/sec. at 10-120° C., and quantized distributed junction potentials. 6. The electrical properties of the nerves and roots suggest that the fast muscles are innervated by a single class of fast axons and possibly by a few slow axons. 7. Simultaneous recordings of nerve and muscle activities were made at different stimulus intensities. In all cases muscle responses were correlated with the first peak of the compound action potential, and appeared with the same or only slightly different latencies. 8. Each muscle fibre is shown electrophysiologically to be polyneuronally innervated by 2-5 axons from a single spinal nerve, and to receive a similar axonic complement from each of four spinal nerves. 9. Polyneuronal innervation of the muscle fibres by 8-22 different axons in the absence of multiterminal innervation is postulated.

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Ultrasound‐Guided Peripheral Nerve Stimulation of Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Spinal Nerves for Dermatomal Pain: A Case Series

Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface ◽

10.1111/ner.13334 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ojas Mainkar ◽

Harmandeep Singh ◽

Akshat Gargya ◽

Jane Lee ◽

Ali Valimahomed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Case Series ◽

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation ◽

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Spinal Nerves ◽

Lumbar Spinal ◽

Stimulation Of

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Movements of supernumerary hindlimbs after innervation by single lumbar spinal nerves ofXenopus laevis

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences ◽

10.1007/bf01922734 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 506-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Kleinebeckel

Keyword(s):

Spinal Nerves ◽

Lumbar Spinal

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Gross morphological features of plexus brachialis in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v78i1.281 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Cevik-Demirkan ◽

V. Ozdemir ◽

I. Demirkan ◽

I. Turkmenoglu

Keyword(s):

Brachial Plexus ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Plexus Brachialis ◽

Nerve Branch ◽

Long Thoracic Nerve ◽

Spinal Nerves ◽

Thoracic Limb ◽

Stereo Microscope ◽

Teres Minor

This study documents the detailed features of the morphological structure and the innervation areas of the plexus brachialis in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). The animals (5 female and 5 male) were euthanased with ketamine hydrocloride and xylazine hydrocloride combination, 60 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively. Skin, muscles and nerves were dissected under a stereo-microscope. The brachial plexus of the chinchilla is formed by rami ventrales of C5-C8, T1 and T2, and possesses a single truncus. The subscapular nerve is formed by the rami of the spinal nerves originating from C6 (one thin ramus) and C7 (one thick and 2 thin rami). These nerves innervate the subscapular and teres minor muscles. The long thoracic nerve, before joining with the brachial plexus, obtains branches from C6 and C7 in 5 cadavers (3 male, 2 female), from C7 in 4 cadavers (2 male, 2 female) and from C6-C8 in only 1 female cadaver. These nerves disperse in variable combinations to form the extrinsic and intrinstic named, nerves of the thoracic limb. An undefined nerve branch originates from the rami ventrales of C7, C8 and T1 spinal nerves enter the coracobrachial muscle.

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Posterior Branches of Lumbar Spinal Nerves – part II: Lumbar Facet Syndrome – Pathomechanism, Symptomatology and Diagnostic Work-up

Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja ◽

10.5604/15093492.1237716 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 101-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katarzyna Kozera ◽

Bogdan Ciszek ◽

Paweł Szaro

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Facet Joint ◽

Medial Branch ◽

Low Back ◽

Spinal Nerves ◽

Lower Lumbar Spine ◽

Facet Syndrome ◽

Lumbar Spinal ◽

Lumbar Facet

Posterior branches of the lumbar spinal nerves are the anatomic substrate of pain in the lower back, sacrum and the gluteal area. Such pain may be associated with various pathologies which cause pain in the posterior branches of the lumbar spinal nerves due to entrapment, mechanical irritation or inflammatory reaction and/or degeneration. The posterior branches are of significant functional importance, which is related to the function of the structures they supply, including facet joints, which are the basic biomechanical units of the spine. Low back pain caused by facet joint pathology may be triggered e.g. by simple activities, such as body rotations, unnatural positions, lifting heavy weights or excessive bending as well as chronic overloading with spinal hyperextension. Pain usually presents at the level of the lumbosacral junction (L 5 -S 1 ) and in the lower lumbar spine (L 4-5 , L 3-4 ). In the absence of specific diagnostic criteria, it is only possible to conclude that patients display tenderness at the level of the affected facet joint and that the pain is triggered by extension. Differential diagnosis for low back pain is difficult, since the pain may originate from various structures. The most reliable method of identifying Lumbar Facet Syndrome has been found to be a positive response to an analgesic procedure in the form of a block of the medial branch or intraarticular injection. There appear to be good grounds for conducting further studies and developing unequivocal diagnostic tests.

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Acupuncture Points of the Lumbar Plexus

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x85000186 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 13 (01n04) ◽

pp. 133-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H.C. Dung

Keyword(s):

Body Wall ◽

Lumbar Plexus ◽

Acupuncture Points ◽

Lumbar Region ◽

Lower Abdomen ◽

Spinal Nerves ◽

Medial Surface ◽

Anatomic Basis ◽

Lumbar Spinal

This communication is the fifth in a series of six publications describing acupuncture points by anatomic nomenclature. This article describes acunpuncture points in the lumbar region of the posterior body wall, the inguinal and pelvic regins of the lower abdomen, and the medial surface of the thigh and leg. Acunpuncture points in these regions are generally established by anatomic features of the lumbar spinal nerves. Nerve branches of the posterior primary rami of the lumbar spinal nerves and the lumbar plexus provide the anatomic basis for acunpuncture points in these regions and are used to name the points accordingly.

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Proximity of the Lateral Calcaneal Artery With a Modified Extensile Lateral Approach Compared to Standard Extensile Approach

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100716674695 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 318-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John Y. Kwon ◽

Tyler Gonzalez ◽

Matthew D. Riedel ◽

Ara Nazarian ◽

Mohammad Ghorbanhoseini

Keyword(s):

Achilles Tendon ◽

Average Distance ◽

Lateral Approach ◽

Vertical Line ◽

Wound Complications ◽

Anterior Border ◽

Line Parallel ◽

Extensile Lateral Approach ◽

Extensile Approach ◽

Apical Necrosis

Background: The extensile lateral approach (EL) has been associated with increased wound complications such as apical necrosis which may be due partially from violation of the lateral calcaneal artery (LCA). Traditionally, the vertical limb has been placed half-way between the fibula and Achilles tendon, which may be suboptimal given the proximity to the LCA. We hypothesized that placing the vertical limb further posterior (ie, modified EL [MEL]) would increase the distance from the LCA. The purposes of this study were to quantify the location of the LCA in relation to the vertical limb of the traditional EL approach and to determine if utilizing the MEL approach endangered the LCA to a lesser extent. Methods: 20 cadavers were used. For the EL approach, the fibula and Achilles tendon were palpated and a line parallel to the plantar foot was drawn between the two. A vertical line (VL), representing the vertical limb of the approach, was drawn at the midway point as a perpendicular extending proximally from the junction of the glabrous/non-glabrous skin (JGNG). For the MEL approach, the anterior border of the Achilles tendon was palpated and a similar vertical line (MVL) was drawn 0.75 cm anterior. Dissection was performed and if the LCA was identified crossing the line VL/MVL, the distance from the JGNG was documented. Results: For the EL approach, the LCA was identified in 17/20 (85%) cadavers at an average distance of 5.0 cm (range 3-7 cm, SD = 1.3 cm) from JGNG. For the ML approach, the LCA was identified in 4/20 (20%) cadavers at an average distance of 5.9 cm (range 3-6.5 cm, SD = 1.7 cm) from the JGNG ( P < .001). Conclusions: The LCA was encountered 4 times more often during the EL approach as compared to the MEL approach. Clinical Relevance: A modification of the EL approach may decrease iatrogenic injury to the LCA and may decrease wound complications.

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