Characteristics of Silicone Oil Emulsification After Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: An Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Study

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of silicone oil (SO) emulsification after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and possible correlations with clinical factors.Methods: Patients who underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy with SO injection for RRD followed by SO removal at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University between January 2016 and January 2020 were included. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images of the anterior segment were taken before SO removal. Eight signs of SO emulsification in the UBM images were graded as 1 (present) or 0 (not present) and the grades for all signs in each eye were summed. Correlations between SO emulsification grade and clinical factors were determined.Results: A total of 118 patients (118 eyes) were enrolled in this study. Emulsified SO particles were found in all 118 eyes (100%). The eight signs were more frequently detected in the superior part of the eye. The mean total SO emulsification grade was 19.99 ± 12.98 (range: 1–36). Younger age and male (both P < 0.05) were associated with higher total SO emulsification grade. Patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mmHg or the use of antiglaucoma medications at the time of SO removal had a higher total SO emulsification grade, were younger, and were more frequently male (all P < 0.05) than patients without ocular hypertension.Conclusions: UBM could play an important role in the diagnosis and grading of SO emulsification. Younger patients and males are more prone to SO emulsification, which may lead to elevated IOP.

Study and Application of Machine Learning Methods in Modern Additive Manufacturing Processes

Additive manufacturing (AM) make simpler the manufacturing of difficult geometric structures. Its possibility has quickly prolonged from the manufacture of pre-fabrication conception replicas to the making of finish practice portions driving the essential for superior part feature guarantee in the additively fabricated products. Machine learning (ML) is one of the encouraging methods that can be practiced to succeed in this aim. A modern study in this arena contains the procedure of managed and unconfirmed ML algorithms for excellent control and forecast of mechanical characteristics of AM products. This chapter describes the development of applying machine learning (ML) to numerous aspects of the additive manufacturing whole chain, counting model design, and quality evaluation. Present challenges in applying machine learning (ML) to additive manufacturing and possible solutions for these problems are then defined. Upcoming trends are planned in order to deliver a general discussion of this additive manufacturing area.

OSTEOMA OF EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL: CASE REPORT

ABSTRACT An osteoma of the external auditory canal is an uncommon benign tumor with an incidence estimated to be 0.05% of total otologic surgery. In head and neck, they most often arise in the frontoethmoidal region and rarely temporal bone. Osteomas usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. A 35 male presented with swelling in right posterior superior part of EAC, without any history of ear picking , swimming or trauma. CT temporal bone revealed a solitary osteoma, with was excised surgically. Histopathological examination confirmed Osteoma.

Morphometry Difference of the Hippocampal Formation Between Blind and Sighted Individuals

The detailed morphometry alterations of the human hippocampal formation (HF) for blind individuals are still understudied. 50 subjects were recruited from Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, including 16 congenital blindness, 14 late blindness, and 20 sighted controls. Volume and shape analysis were conducted between the blind (congenital or late) and sighted groups to observe the (sub)regional alterations of the HF. No significant difference of the hippocampal volume was observed between the blind and sighted subjects. Rightward asymmetry of the hippocampal volume was found for both congenital and late blind individuals, while no significant hemispheric difference was observed for the sighted controls. Shape analysis showed that the superior and inferior parts of both the hippocampal head and tail expanded, while the medial and lateral parts constrained for the blind individuals as compared to the sighted controls. The morphometry alterations for the congenital blind and late blind individuals are nearly the same. Significant expansion of the superior part of the hippocampal tail for both congenital and late blind groups were observed for the left hippocampi after FDR correction. Current results suggest that the cross-model plastic may occur in both hemispheres of the HF to improve the navigation ability without the stimuli of visual cues, and the alteration is more prominent for the left hemisphere.

Relation of the lumbosacral trunk to the sacro-iliac joint

This study aims to evaluate the relation between the lumbosacral trunk (LT) and the sacro-iliac joint (SIJ). In forty anatomic specimens (hemipelves) a classical antero-lateral approach to the SIJ was performed. The SIJ was marked at the linea terminalis (reference point A). Reference point B was situated at the upper edge of the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament. The length of the SIJ (distance A to B) and the distance between point A and the ventral branch of the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbar spinal nerves at the linea terminalis were measured. The SIJ had a mean length of 58.0 mm. The ventral branch of L5 was located closer to the SIJ in very long SIJs (mean length: ≥ 6.5 cm; mean distance: 9.8 mm) compared to very short joints (≤ 5 mm; mean distance: 11.3 mm). For the ventral branch of L4, very long SIJs had a mean distance of 7 mm and very short joints an average distance of 9.7 mm between point A and the nerve branch. A safe zone of approximately 1 cm to 2 cm (anterior to posterior) is present on the sacral surface (lateral to medial) for safe fixation of plates during anterior plate stabilization of the SIJ. Pelves with a shorter dorsoventral diameter of the most superior part of the SIJ apparently give more space for inserting plates.

A Case of Shield Ulcer Due to Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

Corneal shield ulcer is an uncommon but serious complication of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) that can threaten visual acuity. We present a 12-year-old case with a corneal shield ulcer on the superior part of the cornea in the right eye. We learned from his history that he was treated with topical cyclosporine A (CsA) and corneal debridement was performed for the same complaints six months ago. His complaints recurred six months after ceasing topical CsA voluntarily. Topical anti-allergic and CsA treatments were commenced, we also performed corneal debridement. During his follow-ups, the corneal ulcer healed leaving a scar as opacity and neovascularization. This case highlights the role of the anti-inflammatory effect of CsA in preventing the recurrence of shield ulcers.

Characteristics of Silicone Oil Emulsification After Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: An Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Study

Background To investigate the characteristics of silicone oil (SO) emulsification after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and possible correlations with clinical factors. Methods Patients who underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy with SO injection for RRD followed by SO removal at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University between January 2016 and January 2020 were included. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images of the anterior segment were taken before SO removal. Eight signs of SO emulsification in the UBM images were graded as 1 (present) or 0 (not present) and the grades for all signs in each eye were summed. Correlations between SO emulsification grade and clinical factors were determined. Results A total of 118 patients (118 eyes) were enrolled in this study. Emulsified SO particles were found in all 118 eyes (100%). The eight signs were more frequently detected in the superior part of the eye. The mean total SO emulsification grade was 19.99 ± 12.98 (range: 1–36). Younger age and male (both P < 0.05) were associated with higher total SO emulsification grade. Patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mmHg or the use of antiglaucoma medications at the time of SO removal had a higher total SO emulsification grade, were younger, and were more frequently male (all P < 0.05) than patients without ocular hypertension. Conclusions UBM could play an important role in the diagnosis and grading of SO emulsification. Younger patients and males are more prone to SO emulsification, which may lead to elevated IOP.

The posterior fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex: a forgotten ligament

Purpose The purpose of the present anatomical study was to define the exact morphology of the posterior fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex (PFTCLC), both for a better orientation and understanding of the anatomy, especially during hindfoot endoscopy. Methods Twenty-three fresh frozen specimens were dissected in order to clarify the morphology of the PFTCLC. Results In all specimens, the ligament originated from the posteromedial border of the lateral malleolus between the posterior tibiofibular ligament (superior border) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), (inferior border). This origin functions as the floor for the peroneal tendon sheath. The origin of the PFTCLC can be subdivided into two parts, a superior and inferior part. The superior part forms an aponeurosis with the superior peroneal retinaculum and the lateral septum of the Achilles tendon. From this structure, two independent laminae can be identified. The inferior part of the origin has no role in the aponeurosis and ligamentous fibres run obliquely to insert in the lateral surface of the calcaneus, in the same orientation as the CFL, but slightly more posterior, which was a consistent finding in all examined specimens. The PFTCLC is maximally tensed with ankle dorsiflexion and is located within the fascia of the deep posterior compartment of the leg. Conclusions The PFTCLC is part of the normal anatomy of the hindfoot and therefore should be routinely recognized and partly released to achieve access to the posterior ankle anatomical pathology, relevant for hindfoot endoscopy. The origin of the ligament complex forms the floor for the peroneal tendon sheath. The superior part of the origin plays a role in the formation of an aponeurosis with the superior peroneal retinaculum and the lateral septum of the Achilles tendon.

The prevention of penetration of unidentified screw of femoral neck fracture during the operation

BackgroundScrew internal fixation is one of the main surgical procedures for femoral neck fractures. Routine intraoperative fluoroscopy is hard to identify screw penetration, which becomes one of the important factors of postoperative hip pain and postoperative complications.MethodsCollect and analyze the intraoperative and postoperative imaging data of patients with internal fixation. Using geometric methods and analysis of anatomical characteristics, we explored the best imaging angle where the screw penetration was not found in the conventional 2D images of the anterior and lateral view during the operation, so that it can be determined whether there is screw penetration by taking a certain angle during the operation.ResultsThe unrecognized screw penetration rate during the operation was 25%, 5% penetrated from the back of the femoral head, and 20% penetrated the femoral neck part and then entered the head. The unrecognized screw of the femoral head is caused by the intersection of the anterior and lateral projection to form the Steinmetz solid. The study found that the special photographic orientation θ=90°—arctan (M1O′/M2O′). For the screw penetration of the femoral neck, the probability of occurrence in different areas of the femoral neck is 10.5% of the front superior part, 44.2% of the front inferior part, 28.6% of the back superior part, and 16.8% of the back inferior part. The best shooting directions of the front superior,front inferior, back superior, and back inferior through which the detection screw passes are the positive position ,35.8° to the tail side, 70° to the head side, 46.3° to the head side, and 40.5° to the tail side.ConclusionIt is important to avoid unrecognized screw penetration during the operation. In this study, it was concluded that a certain angle was taken during the operation to determine whether there was screw penetration, which significantly reduced the incidence of screw penetration of the femoral head and femoral neck.

The superior frontal longitudinal tract: a connection between the dorsal premotor and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices

A few studies have identified the structural connection between the premotor area and the lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as the frontal longitudinal system (FLS). This study investigated the existence of a direct segment (none U-fibre) of the superior part of the FLS (sFLS), which connects the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and DLPFC and analysed its asymmetry and termination point patterns. A dataset of diffusion-weighted images from 48 subjects was used for generalised q-sampling imaging tractography. Additionally, a white-fibre dissection was conducted in two right hemispheres. An analysis of spatial location, termination points, laterality, and correlation with the subjects’ gender or handedness was performed. The sFLS was found to have a deeper longitudinal bundle directly connecting the PMd and DLPFC. The bundle is referred to hereafter as the superior frontal longitudinal tract (SFLT). The SFLT was reconstructed in 100% of right and 88% of left hemispheres. It exhibited variable patterns in different subjects in their posterior terminations. In addition, it was found to possess a complicated spatial relationship with the adjacent bundles. The SFLT was revealed successfully in two cadaveric right hemispheres, where the posterior terminations were found to originate in the PMd independent of the superior longitudinal fasciculus.