A Matlab toolbox for scaled-generic modeling of shoulder and elbow

AbstractThere still remains a barrier ahead of widespread clinical applications of upper extremity musculoskeletal models. This study is a step toward lifting this barrier for a shoulder musculoskeletal model by enhancing its realism and facilitating its applications. To this end, two main improvements are considered. First, the elbow and the muscle groups spanning the elbow are included in the model. Second, scaling routines are developed that scale model’s bone segment inertial properties, skeletal morphologies, and muscles architectures according to a specific subject. The model is also presented as a Matlab toolbox with a graphical user interface to exempt its users from further programming. We evaluated effects of anthropometric parameters, including subject’s gender, height, weight, glenoid inclination, and degenerations of rotator cuff muscles on the glenohumeral joint reaction force (JRF) predictions. An arm abduction motion in the scapula plane is simulated while each of the parameters is independently varied. The results indeed illustrate the effect of anthropometric parameters and provide JRF predictions with less than 13% difference compared to in vivo studies. The developed Matlab toolbox could be populated with pre/post operative patients of total shoulder arthroplasty to answer clinical questions regarding treatments of glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis.

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Numerical predictions of hip joint and muscle forces during daily activities: A comparison of musculoskeletal models

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1177/0954411919840524 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 233 (6) ◽

pp. 636-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Basil Mathai ◽

Sanjay Gupta

Keyword(s):

Hip Joint ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Hip Implants ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Musculoskeletal Models ◽

Standing Up ◽

Joint Reaction

Musculoskeletal loading plays an important role in pre-clinical evaluations of hip implants, in particular, bone ingrowth and bone remodelling. Joint force estimation using musculoskeletal models evolved as a viable alternative to in vivo measurement owing to the development of computational resources. This study investigated the efficiencies of four eminent open-source musculoskeletal models in order to determine the model that predicts the most accurate values of hip joint reaction and muscle forces during daily activities. Seven daily living activities of slow walking, normal walking, fast walking, sitting down, standing up, stair down and stair up were simulated in OpenSim using inverse dynamics method. Model predictions of joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation patterns were compared with published results. The estimated values of hip joint reaction force were found to corroborate well with in vivo measurements for each activity. Although the estimated values of hip joint reaction force were within a satisfactory range, overestimation of hip joint reaction force (75% BW of measured value) was observed during the late stance phase of walking cycles for all the models. In case of stair up, stair down, standing up and sitting down activities, the error in estimated values of hip joint reaction force were within ~20% BW of the measured value. Based on the results of our study, the London Lower Extremity Model predicted the most accurate value of hip joint reaction force and therefore can be used for applied musculoskeletal loading conditions for numerical investigations on hip implants.

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Sensitivity of Neuromechanical Predictions to Choice of Glenohumeral Stability Modeling Approach

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2019-0088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 249-258

Author(s):

Daniel C. McFarland ◽

Alexander G. Brynildsen ◽

Katherine R. Saul

Keyword(s):

Rotator Cuff ◽

Glenohumeral Joint ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Surface Emg ◽

Muscle Coordination ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Musculoskeletal Models ◽

Joint Reaction ◽

Stability Modeling ◽

Reaction Direction

Most upper-extremity musculoskeletal models represent the glenohumeral joint with an inherently stable ball-and-socket, but the physiological joint requires active muscle coordination for stability. The authors evaluated sensitivity of common predicted outcomes (instability, net glenohumeral reaction force, and rotator cuff activations) to different implementations of active stabilizing mechanisms (constraining net joint reaction direction and incorporating normalized surface electromyography [EMG]). Both EMG and reaction force constraints successfully reduced joint instability. For flexion, incorporating any normalized surface EMG data reduced predicted instability by 54.8%, whereas incorporating any force constraint reduced predicted instability by 43.1%. Other outcomes were sensitive to EMG constraints, but not to force constraints. For flexion, incorporating normalized surface EMG data increased predicted magnitudes of joint reaction force and rotator cuff activations by 28.7% and 88.4%, respectively. Force constraints had no influence on these predicted outcomes for all tasks evaluated. More restrictive EMG constraints also tended to overconstrain the model, making it challenging to accurately track input kinematics. Therefore, force constraints may be a more robust choice when representing stability.

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Evaluation of Predicted Knee Joint Muscle Forces During Gait Using an Instrumented Knee Implant

ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2008-191839 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Justin W. Fernandez ◽

Hyung J. Kim ◽

Massoud Akbarshahi ◽

Jonathan P. Walter ◽

Benjamin J. Fregly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Forces ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Model Calculations ◽

Musculoskeletal Models ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Joint Contact ◽

Knee Muscle

Many studies have used musculoskeletal models to predict in vivo muscle forces at the knee during gait [1, 2]. Unfortunately, quantitative assessment of the model calculations is often impracticable. Various indirect methods have been used to evaluate the accuracy of model predictions, including comparisons against measurements of muscle activity, joint kinematics, ground reaction forces, and joint moments. In a recent study, an instrumented hip implant was used to validate calculations of hip contact forces directly [3]. The same model was subsequently used to validate model calculations of tibiofemoral loading during gait [4]. Instrumented knee implants have also been used in in vitro and in vivo studies to quantify differences in biomechanical performance between various TKR designs [5, 6]. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate model predictions of knee muscle forces by direct comparison with measurements obtained from an instrumented knee implant. Calculations of muscle and joint-contact loading were performed for level walking at slow, normal, and fast speeds.

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Shoulder Positioning during Superior Capsular Reconstruction: Computational Analysis of Graft Integrity and Shoulder Stability

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10121263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1263

Author(s):

Madalena Antunes ◽

Carlos Quental ◽

João Folgado ◽

Clara de Campos Azevedo ◽

Ana Catarina Ângelo

Keyword(s):

Glenohumeral Joint ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Supraspinatus Tendon ◽

Rotator Cuff Tears ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Superior Capsular Reconstruction ◽

Key Factor ◽

Long Head ◽

Shoulder Position ◽

Shoulder Stability

The shoulder position during fixation of the graft may be a key factor impacting the outcome of arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) in irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs). However, biomechanical evidence regarding this effect is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the shoulder position during fixation of the graft on shoulder stability and graft tear risk in ASCR. A 3-D musculoskeletal model of the upper limb was modified to account for the fixation of the graft in ASCR, assuming a full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon. The concomitant tenotomy of the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon was also studied. The biomechanical parameters evaluated included the strain of the graft and the glenohumeral joint reaction force (GH JRF), which were used to evaluate graft integrity and shoulder stability, respectively. Fixation of the graft considering abduction angles greater than 15° resulted in a high risk for graft tearing when the arm was adducted to the side of the trunk. For abduction angles below 15°, the mean shoulder stability improved significantly, ranging between 6% and 20% (p < 0.001), compared with that in the preoperative condition. The concomitant tenotomy of the LHB tendon resulted in loss of stability when compared to ASCR with an intact LHB tendon. The position of the shoulder during fixation of the graft has a significant effect on shoulder stability and graft tear risk after ASCR in IRCTs. This study provides new and important information regarding the role of shoulder positioning during fixation of the graft.

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An in vivo strain-gauge analysis of the squamosal-dentary joint reaction force during mastication and incisal biting in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/0003-9969(79)90119-5 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 689-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

W.L. Hylander ◽

R. Bays

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Strain Gauge ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Joint Reaction

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Influence of the flattening of the glenohumeral joint on joint reaction force and humeral head translation during rotation in neutral abduction

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83226-4 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. S83-S84

Author(s):

A. Reist ◽

A. Terrier ◽

A. Farron

Keyword(s):

Humeral Head ◽

Glenohumeral Joint ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Head Translation ◽

Joint Reaction

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Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: research models

Joints ◽

10.11138/jts/2016.4.4.236 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 236-246

Author(s):

Stefano Petrillo ◽

Umile Longo ◽

Lawrence Gulotta ◽

Alessandra Berton ◽

Andreas Kontaxis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽

Considerable Increase ◽

Glenohumeral Joint ◽

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽

Shoulder Prosthesis ◽

Biomechanical Models ◽

Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement ◽

Reverse Total Shoulder

Purpose:the past decade has seen a considerable increase in the use of research models to study reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Nevertheless, none of these models has been shown to completely reflect real in vivo conditions. Methods: we performed a systematic review of the literature matching the following key words: “reverse total shoulder arthroplasty” or “reverse total shoulder replacement” or “reverse total shoulder prosthesis” and “research models” or “biomechanical models” or “physical simulators” or “virtual simulators”. The following databases were screened: Medline, Google Scholar, EMBASE, CINAHIL and Ovid. We identified and included all articles reporting research models of any kind, such as physical or virtual simulators, in which RTSA and the glenohumeral joint were reproduced. Results: computer models and cadaveric models are the most commonly used, and they were shown to be reliable in simulating in vivo conditions. Bone substitute models have been used in a few studies.Mechanical testing machines provided useful information on stability factors in RTSA. Conclusions: because of the limitations of each individual model, additional research is required to develop a research model of RTSA that may reduce the limitations of those presently available, and increase the reproducibility of this technique in the clinical setting.

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Instability

10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.004007 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simon M. Lambert

Keyword(s):

Glenohumeral Joint ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Fundamental Principle ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Rehabilitation Programs ◽

The Relationship

♦ The fundamental principle or essence of the shoulder is concavity compression. Stability of the shoulder is the condition in which a balanced centralizing joint reaction force (CJRF) exists to maintain concavity compression of the glenohumeral joint whatever the position of the limb and hand.♦ Instability is a symptom. It can be defined as the condition of symptomatic abnormal motion of the joint. It refers to a perturbation of concavity compression. It is not a diagnosis.♦ Instability is the result of perturbations of structural factors and non-structural factors.♦ The clinical syndrome of instability is a disturbance of one or more of these factors in isolation or together. The relative importance of each factor to the syndrome can change over time. The relationship between these factors is described by the Stanmore triangle.♦ Both structural and non-structural factors can be perturbed by arrested or incomplete development (dysplasia) or by injury (disruption).♦ The aim of treatment is the restoration of (asymptomatic) stable motion by restoration of the CJRF and so restoration of the condition of concavity compression.♦ Management follows simple principles: surgery should be undertaken within the context of a well-considered rehabilitation program largely centred around optimizing rotator cuff function.♦ Failures of management are often due to failure of or incomplete diagnosis, failure of healing, inadequate attention to patient- and pathology- specific rehabilitation programs, or insufficient attention to lifestyle considerations.♦ Disrupted anatomy is restored, preferably by anatomic operations with predictably good outcomes. Dysplastic anatomy is augmented, often by non-anatomic operations with less predictable outcomes. Revision stabilizations are generally nonanatomic, and have higher failure rates.

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