scholarly journals Negative effects of cattle on soil carbon and nutrient pools reversed by megaherbivores

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Sitters ◽  
Duncan M. Kimuyu ◽  
Truman P. Young ◽  
Philippe Claeys ◽  
Harry Olde Venterink
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nutrient Pools

scholarly journals Non-Standard Discrete RothC Models for Soil Carbon Dynamics

Axioms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Fasma Diele ◽  
Carmela Marangi ◽  
Angela Martiradonna
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Soil Carbon Content ◽  
Rothc Model ◽  
Key Indicators

Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is one of the key indicators of land degradation. SOC positively affects soil functions with regard to habitats, biological diversity and soil fertility; therefore, a reduction in the SOC stock of soil results in degradation, and it may also have potential negative effects on soil-derived ecosystem services. Dynamical models, such as the Rothamsted Carbon (RothC) model, may predict the long-term behaviour of soil carbon content and may suggest optimal land use patterns suitable for the achievement of land degradation neutrality as measured in terms of the SOC indicator. In this paper, we compared continuous and discrete versions of the RothC model, especially to achieve long-term solutions. The original discrete formulation of the RothC model was then compared with a novel non-standard integrator that represents an alternative to the exponential Rosenbrock–Euler approach in the literature.

scholarly journals Irrigation practices, nutrient applications, and mulches affect soil nutrient dynamics in a young Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten D. Hannam ◽  
Gerry H. Neilsen ◽  
Thomas A. Forge ◽  
Denise Neilsen ◽  
Istvan Losso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Soil P

There is growing interest among commercial wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) growers in reducing water and fertilizer consumption, but little information exists on how best to combine conservative irrigation and soil management practices in the vineyard. In a 3-year-old Merlot vineyard in the semi-arid Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, the interactive effects of resource-conserving micro-irrigation (drippers or microsprinkers), nutrient applications (fertigation or compost), and surface mulching (wood and bark chips) on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics in the wetted zone of surface soils were examined throughout the growing season using ion-exchange resins. Treatment differences in soil carbon and major nutrient pools, temperature, and moisture were also measured. Higher NO3-N was adsorbed by resins buried under drippers than under microsprinklers except in mulched plots, where NO3-N was uniformly low. By enhancing soil carbon availability and moderating soil microclimate, surface mulches may have promoted microbial immobilisation of N. Compost applications increased soil ortho-P levels, especially on mulched plots, suggesting that both P inputs (from compost) and enhanced microbial biomass (from mulch) promoted soil P cycling. Future work will examine the interactive effects of these resource-efficient practices on leaching losses, greenhouse gas emissions, crop productivity, and fruit quality.

Pyrogenic carbon: the influence of particle size and chemical composition on soil carbon release

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan E. Jenkins ◽  
Tina L. Bell ◽  
Jaymie Norris ◽  
Mark A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Carbon Release

In many countries, prescribed or planned burning is increasingly used as a management strategy to reduce the risk and negative effects of wildfires. As a by-product of this practice, ash, charcoal and partially charred material (referred to here as pyrogenic carbon, PC) is created. The amount and type of PC produced and fate of this form of carbon is uncertain. PC is often assumed to be resistant to chemical and microbial degradation and therefore potentially persistent in soils for hundreds or thousands of years. As a result, PC has been proposed as a sink for carbon and promoted for its storage potential in soil. We hypothesised that the differing components of PC would interact differently with soil processes and have varying potential for carbon storage. We analysed the chemical composition of PC produced by prescribed fire in a eucalypt forest and measured its effect on soil respiration. A laboratory incubation experiment showed that when PC of differing size fractions was added to soil, only the smallest size fraction (<1mm; ash) increased rates of soil respiration, whereas larger fractions (charcoal) had little effect. The carbon contained in charcoal was resistant to microbial degradation and had little effect on microbial processes such as respiration. In general, fires of greater intensity will produce greater proportional amounts of smaller size particles and will likely result in faster rates of respiration than fires of lesser intensity. Therefore, lower intensity fires may ultimately have a greater capacity for soil carbon sequestration than those of higher intensity.

Long-term deepened snow promotes tundra evergreen shrub growth and summertime ecosystem net CO2gain but reduces soil carbon and nutrient pools

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 3508-3525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper T. Christiansen ◽  
Melissa J. Lafreniére ◽  
Gregory H. R. Henry ◽  
Paul Grogan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Evergreen Shrub
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