scholarly journals Environmental DNA provides higher resolution assessment of riverine biodiversity and ecosystem function via spatio-temporal nestedness and turnover partitioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Seymour ◽  
François K. Edwards ◽  
Bernard J. Cosby ◽  
Iliana Bista ◽  
Peter M. Scarlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Traditional Approaches

AbstractRapidly assessing biodiversity is essential for environmental monitoring; however, traditional approaches are limited in the scope needed for most ecological systems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) based assessment offers enhanced scope for assessing biodiversity, while also increasing sampling efficiency and reducing processing time, compared to traditional methods. Here we investigated the effects of landuse and seasonality on headwater community richness and functional diversity, via spatio-temporal dynamics, using both eDNA and traditional sampling. We found that eDNA provided greater resolution in assessing biodiversity dynamics in time and space, compared to traditional sampling. Community richness was seasonally linked, peaking in spring and summer, with temporal turnover having a greater effect on community composition compared to localized nestedness. Overall, our assessment of ecosystem function shows that community formation is driven by regional resource availability, implying regional management requirements should be considered. Our findings show that eDNA based ecological assessment is a powerful, rapid and effective assessment strategy that enables complex spatio-temporal studies of community diversity and ecosystem function, previously infeasible using traditional methods.

scholarly journals Environmental DNA provides greater insight to biodiversity and ecosystem function compared to traditional approaches, via spatio-temporal nestedness and turnover partitioning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Seymour ◽  
Francois Edwards ◽  
Jack Cosby ◽  
Pete Scarlet ◽  
Iliana Bista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Abstract Rapidly assessing biodiversity is essential for environmental monitoring, however traditional approaches are limited in the scope needed for most ecological systems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) based assessment offers increased scope, while reducing cost and time, compared to traditional methods. Here we investigated the effects of landuse and seasonality on headwater community richness and functional diversity, to assess spatio-temporal dynamics between eDNA and traditional methods. Environmental DNA provided greater biodiversity resolution with both methods resulting in complementary findings. Community richness was seasonally linked, peaking in spring and summer, with temporal turnover having a greater effect on community composition compared to localized nestedness. Our assessment of ecosystem function shows community formation is driven by regional resource availability, implying regional management requirements. Our findings show that eDNA based ecological assessment is a powerful, rapid and effective assessment strategy that enables complex spatio-temporal studies of community diversity and ecosystem function previously unavailable by traditional means.

Spatial and temporal dynamics of Pacific capelin Mallotus catervarius in the Gulf of Alaska: implications for ecosystem-based fisheries management

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 117-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW McGowan ◽  
ED Goldstein ◽  
ML Arimitsu ◽  
AL Deary ◽  
O Ormseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Pacific capelin Mallotus catervarius are planktivorous small pelagic fish that serve an intermediate trophic role in marine food webs. Due to the lack of a directed fishery or monitoring of capelin in the Northeast Pacific, limited information is available on their distribution and abundance, and how spatio-temporal fluctuations in capelin density affect their availability as prey. To provide information on life history, spatial patterns, and population dynamics of capelin in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), we modeled distributions of spawning habitat and larval dispersal, and synthesized spatially indexed data from multiple independent sources from 1996 to 2016. Potential capelin spawning areas were broadly distributed across the GOA. Models of larval drift show the GOA’s advective circulation patterns disperse capelin larvae over the continental shelf and upper slope, indicating potential connections between spawning areas and observed offshore distributions that are influenced by the location and timing of spawning. Spatial overlap in composite distributions of larval and age-1+ fish was used to identify core areas where capelin consistently occur and concentrate. Capelin primarily occupy shelf waters near the Kodiak Archipelago, and are patchily distributed across the GOA shelf and inshore waters. Interannual variations in abundance along with spatio-temporal differences in density indicate that the availability of capelin to predators and monitoring surveys is highly variable in the GOA. We demonstrate that the limitations of individual data series can be compensated for by integrating multiple data sources to monitor fluctuations in distributions and abundance trends of an ecologically important species across a large marine ecosystem.

Spatio‐temporal dynamics of water quality and eutrophication in Lake Taihu, China

Ecohydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongfang Li ◽  
Yuting Zhu ◽  
Qihui Chen ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Does Spelling Still Matter—and If So, How Should It Be Taught? Perspectives from Contemporary and Historical Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Pan ◽  
Timothy C. Rickard ◽  
Robert A. Bjork
Keyword(s):  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Spelling Instruction ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traditional Approaches

AbstractA century ago, spelling skills were highly valued and widely taught in schools using traditional methods, such as weekly lists, drill exercises, and low- and high-stakes spelling tests. That approach was featured in best-selling textbooks such as the Horn-Ashbaugh Speller of 1920. In the early 21st century, however, skepticism as to the importance of spelling has grown, some schools have deemphasized or abandoned spelling instruction altogether, and there has been a proliferation of non-traditional approaches to teaching spelling. These trends invite a reevaluation of the role of spelling in modern English-speaking societies and whether the subject should be explicitly taught (and if so, what are research-supported methods for doing so). In this article, we examine the literature to address whether spelling skills are still important enough to be taught, summarize relevant evidence, and argue that a comparison of common approaches to spelling instruction in the early 20th century versus more recent approaches provides some valuable insights. We also discuss the value of explicit spelling instruction and highlight potentially effective ways to implement such instruction, including the use of spelling tests. Overall, our goals are to better characterize the role of spelling skills in today’s society and to identify several pedagogical approaches—some derived from traditional methods and others that are more recent—that hold promise for developing such skills in efficient and effective ways.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document