scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Central nervous system regulation of organismal energy and glucose homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Myers ◽  
Alison H. Affinati ◽  
Nicole Richardson ◽  
Michael W. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis

Central nervous system regulation of organismal energy and glucose homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-750
Author(s):  
Martin G. Myers ◽  
Alison H. Refined ◽  
Nicole Richardson ◽  
Michael W. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis

scholarly journals The role of the central nervous system in glucose homeostasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Muntean ◽  
Maria Mota ◽  
Simona Popa ◽  
Adina Mitrea
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Level ◽  
The One

Abstract Central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus and the brainstem are importantkeys in glucose homeostasis. Not only do they use glucose as primary fuel for theirfunctioning but they are part of intricate neuronal circuits involved in glucose uptakeand production as was first shown by Claude Bernard. Moreoverelectrophysiological analysis of hypothalamus revealed the existence of glucosensingneurons whose firing rates are controlled by glucose extracellular level. Furtherinformation was obtained regarding the importance of leptin, insulin and free fattyacids as afferent signals received by these neural structures. As for the main efferentpathways, autonomic system is the one connecting CNS with the effector organs (theliver, the pancreas and the adrenal glands).

scholarly journals Central Nervous System GLP-1 Receptors Regulate Islet Hormone Secretion and Glucose Homeostasis in Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (7) ◽  
pp. 2124-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Jessen ◽  
Eric P. Smith ◽  
Yvonne Ulrich-Lai ◽  
James P. Herman ◽  
Randy J. Seeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Islet Hormone

scholarly journals Obesity-induced Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A. Jeevendra Martyn ◽  
Masao Kaneki ◽  
Shingo Yasuhara ◽  
David S. Warner ◽  
Mark A. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Glucose Output

Obesity is a major cause of type 2 diabetes, clinically evidenced as hyperglycemia. The altered glucose homeostasis is caused by faulty signal transduction via the insulin signaling proteins, which results in decreased glucose uptake by the muscle, altered lipogenesis, and increased glucose output by the liver. The etiology of this derangement in insulin signaling is related to a chronic inflammatory state, leading to the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and release of high levels of nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species, which together cause posttranslational modifications in the signaling proteins. There are substantial differences in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in muscle versus liver. Hormones and cytokines from adipocytes can enhance or inhibit both glycemic sensing and insulin signaling. The role of the central nervous system in glucose homeostasis also has been established. Multipronged therapies aimed at rectifying obesity-induced anomalies in both central nervous system and peripheral tissues may prove to be beneficial.

Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Homeostasis: A Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes?

2022 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-84
Author(s):  
Zaman Mirzadeh ◽  
Chelsea L. Faber ◽  
Michael W. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
System Control ◽  
Normal Glucose

Historically, pancreatic islet beta cells have been viewed as principal regulators of glycemia, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) resulting when insulin secretion fails to compensate for peripheral tissue insulin resistance. However, glycemia is also regulated by insulin-independent mechanisms that are dysregulated in T2D. Based on evidence supporting its role both in adaptive coupling of insulin secretion to changes in insulin sensitivity and in the regulation of insulin-independent glucose disposal, the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a fundamental player in glucose homeostasis. Here, we review and expand upon an integrative model wherein the CNS, together with the islet, establishes and maintains the defended level of glycemia. We discuss the implications of this model for understanding both normal glucose homeostasis and T2D pathogenesis and highlight centrally targeted therapeutic approaches with the potential to restore normoglycemia to patients with T2D.

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