Synthesis of Milk-Sugar and Cane-Sugar

Not only are the various bioses hydrolysed at very different rates by enzymes but they are also known to differ in their behaviour towards acids: cane sugar being hydrolysed with the greatest facility, whilst maltose is acted upon but slowly. The experiments described in this communication were instituted primarily with the object of ascertaining the behaviour of milk sugar, of which nothing was known. The hydrolysis of cane sugar under the influence of acid was carefully investigated by Wilhelmy as far back as 1850, with the aid of the polariscope, then a new instrument.

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Cane-Sugar for Milk-Sugar in Modified Milk

Boston Medical and Surgical Journal ◽

10.1056/nejm189606181342514 ◽

1896 ◽

Vol 134 (25) ◽

pp. 631-631

Keyword(s):

Cane Sugar ◽

Milk Sugar

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The determination of mixtures of milk-sugar and cane-sugar

The Analyst ◽

10.1039/an8851000062 ◽

1885 ◽

Vol 10 (April) ◽

pp. 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. W. Stokes ◽

R. Bodmer

Keyword(s):

Cane Sugar ◽

Milk Sugar

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Addition of Cocoa Powder, Cane Sugar, and Carrageenan to Milk Enhances Growth of Listeria monocytogenes

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-50.9.726 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

pp. 726-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

EILEEN M. ROSENOW ◽

ELMER H. MARTH

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Cane Sugar ◽

Chocolate Milk ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Milk Sugar ◽

Generation Times ◽

Sugar Addition ◽

Bacterium Strain ◽

Cocoa Product

Previously we found that under similar conditions Listeria monocytogenes achieved populations in chocolate milk that were 10 times greater than those in other fluid milk products. The current studies were undertaken to determine why the bacterium grew so well in chocolate milk. Autoclaved samples of milk with 2% milkfat, 2% milk + sugar, 2% milk + cocoa, and 2% milk + sugar + cocoa were inoculated with one of two strains of L. monocytogenes and incubated at 13°C. Carrageenan was also added to one-half of all samples containing cocoa. Growth curves were derived and generation times and maximum populations were calculated for each combination of product and strain of the bacterium. Strain V7 grew faster than strain CA in all products, with most rapid growth occurring in samples containing cocoa (with or without added sugar). Addition of carrageenan further reduced the generation time of this strain. Overall, growth rates ranged from 3 h 55 min (V7 in 2% milk + sugar + cocoa + carrageenan) to 4 h 53 min (CA in 2% milk + cocoa). Product type was primarily responsible for differences in maximum populations achieved by L. monocytogenes. In each instance, final numbers reached were at least 108 cells/ml with highest levels in samples containing all ingredients. The data suggest that sugar, cocoa and carrageenan when added to milk contributed to enhancing growth of L. monocytogenes.

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Studies on enzyme action. XI.-Hydrolysis of raffinose by acids and enzymes

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character ◽

10.1098/rspb.1908.0030 ◽

1908 ◽

Vol 80 (540) ◽

pp. 312-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Keyword(s):

Cane Sugar ◽

Point Of View ◽

Enzyme Action ◽

Milk Sugar ◽

Previous Communication ◽

Specific Behaviour ◽

Hydrolysis Of

In a previous communication of this series (vol. 74, p. 191), it is pointed out that the various glucosides are hydrolysed by acids at very different rates, the relative values being approximately of the order shown in the following table:- α -Methylglucoside....100 β -Methylglucoside....180 α -Methylglucoside....540 β -Methylglucoside....880 Salicin ( a β -glucoside)....600 Milk-sugar ( α β -galactoside)....720 Maltose (an α -glucoside)....740 Cane-sugar, it is to be remembered, is hydrolysed at a rate vastly more rapid-at least 1000 times as rapidly as maltose, in fact. These differences, taking into account the peculiar specific behaviour of enzymes as hydrolytic agents, raise questions of interest from the chemical side and they are of no slight significance perhaps also from a biological point of view.

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Excellent environmental performance of beet sugar production in the Netherlands

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si24156 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 161-165

Author(s):

Bertram de Crom ◽

Jasper Scholten ◽

Janjoris van Diepen

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Environmental Performance ◽

Cane Sugar ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Beet Sugar ◽

Glucose Syrup

To get more insight in the environmental performance of the Suiker Unie beet sugar, Blonk Consultants performed a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study on beet sugar, cane sugar and glucose syrup. The system boundaries of the sugar life cycle are set from cradle to regional storage at the Dutch market. For this study 8 different scenarios were evaluated. The first scenario is the actual sugar production at Suiker Unie. Scenario 2 until 7 are different cane sugar scenarios (different countries of origin, surplus electricity production and pre-harvest burning of leaves are considered). Scenario 8 concerns the glucose syrup scenario. An important factor in the environmental impact of 1kg of sugar is the sugar yield per ha. Total sugar yield per ha differs from 9t/ha sugar for sugarcane to 15t/ha sugar for sugar beet (in 2017). Main conclusion is that the production of beet sugar at Suiker Unie has in general a lower impact on climate change, fine particulate matter, land use and water consumption, compared to cane sugar production (in Brazil and India) and glucose syrup. The impact of cane sugar production on climate change and water consumption is highly dependent on the country of origin, especially when land use change is taken into account. The environmental impact of sugar production is highly dependent on the co-production of bioenergy, both for beet and cane sugar.

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Sugar factory audits, debottlenecking and efficiency improvement

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si25179 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 607-612

Author(s):

Bernard Coûteaux

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Method ◽

Predictive Modelling ◽

Cane Sugar ◽

Sugar Factory ◽

Low Energy Consumption ◽

Process Simulations ◽

Capital Efficiency ◽

Potential Improvement ◽

Primary Focus

This paper elaborates on the key solutions offered by De Smet Engineers & Contractors (DSEC) to optimize the efficiency of cane sugar producing and processing facilities. In order to meet customer needs, DSEC offers proprietary predictive models built using the latest versions of specialized software. These models allow factory managers to envision the whole picture of increased operational and capital efficiency before it becomes reality. An integrated energy model and the CAPEX/OPEX evaluation method are discussed as ways to estimate and optimize costs, both for new greenfield projects and revamping of existing factories. The models demonstrate that factory capacities can be successfully increased using equipment that is already available. Special attention is paid to crystallization and centrifugation process simulations and the potential improvement of the global energy balance. One case study shows the transformation of a beet sugar factory into a refinery to process raw cane sugar after beet crop season and the second case shows the integration of a refinery into a cane sugar factory. The primary focus of the article is optimization of the technological process through predictive modelling. DSEC’s suggested solutions, which lead to great improvements in a plant’s efficiency and its ability to obtain very low energy consumption, are discussed.

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