Non-Centrifugal Sugar (NCS) and Health: A Review on Functional Components and Health Benefits

Non-centrifugal sugar (NCS) is the scientific term the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) uses to define a solid product, produced by sugarcane juice evaporation, which is unrefined or minimally refined. NCS is referred to in various names globally, the most significant ones are whole cane sugar, panela (Latin America), jaggery (India) and kokuto (Japan). NCS contains minerals, bioactive compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids, which have therapeutic potentials from time immemorial. Even though the bioactive property is dependent on the composition, which relies mainly on the agronomic conditions and production process, NCS possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, substituting the consumption of refined sugar with NCS might be helpful in the control of chronic diseases generally connected to oxidative stress and inflammation. Experimental facts from in vitro and in vivo models have proven that NCS plays an essential role in weight management, maintaining insulin sensitivity and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. NCS has also shown hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. This review aims to synopsize the recent literature pertaining to the benefits of NCS in human health. The NCS can be considered a nutraceutical and functional food. However, detailed and regulated studies are important to enhance the beneficial effects in human and animal interventions.

ANALISIS KUALITAS PUPUK KOMPOS DAUN KETAPANG DAN KOTORAN SAPI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SUMBER KARBOHIDRAT BERBEDA

Composting of organic waste into compost can be accelerated by using EM4. The nutrients can be obtained from carbohydrate sources, sugar cane, sugar, and brown sugar. This study aimed to determine the quality of Indian almond leaves compost with the addition of carbohydrate sources, sugar cane water, sugar, and brown sugar. The study employed a qualitative descriptive to describe the quality of the compost which refers to the National Compost Standard (SNI: 19-7030-2004). The results showed that the quality of the compost with the addition of the aforementioned carbohydrates sources has a C/N ratio value that exceeds the National Compost Standard (SNI: 19-7030-2004). Meanwhile, other characteristics such as temperature, pH, humidity, texture, color, and smell had met the requirements of the National Compost Standard (SNI: 19-7030-2004). The most effective source of carbohydrates for producing quality compost was brown sugar.

Improvement of the liquid-jet sulfitators construction to increase the efficiency of sulfitation treatment of sugar production liquids

The article discusses and analyzes the construction of liquid-jet sulfitators used in the beet sugar industry. The importance of sulfitation treatment in the sugar beet processing and raw cane sugar technology is noted and the main advantages of its use at various technological stages are given, namely, preparation of extractant used for diffusion sucrose extraction out of beet cossettes, thin juice processing, thick juice with B- and C-remelts processing, as well as raw cane sugar remelt processing. The advantages and disadvantages of liquid-jet sulfitators in comparison with other constructions are noted and criteria for their improvement are given. It has been noted that the created ejection, which sucks in the sulphitation gas into the contacting chamber, and the fact that the absorption of sulfur dioxide occurs on a larger surface than in other types of structures the main advantages of liquid-jet sulphitators. The main disadvantages are the short length of the contacting chamber, which is insufficient for ensuring complete absorption of sulfur dioxide, as well as instability of the generated ejection when the productivity changes. This determines the criteria given in the article for the improvement of liquid-jet sulfitators. The description of the developed construction of the sulphitator centrifugal-jet nozzle of sugar production liquids is given, which provides: the stability of the sulphitation gas supply in a wide range of plant productivity; stability of the hydroaerodynamic regime of the system «treated liquid – sulphitation gas» inside the sulphitator; sufficient contact time for complete dissolution in the treated liquid of the sulfur anhydride contained in the sulphitation gas. The advantages of the developed centrifugal-jet sulfitators in comparison with typical liquid-jet sulfitators are noted: ensuring the operation range of 50-120% of the nominal capacity (plant production capacity); significant reduction in the technical sulfur consumption for the sulphur anhydride production, which is used as a reagent for the sulfitation treatment of liquids in beet sugar processing; reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere due to 100 % sulfur anhydride dissolution in the treated liquid.

LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF PROCTOLAELAPS GIZAENSIS SP. NOV. (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA: MELICHARIDAE) ON FIVE DIFFERENT DIETS

The predatory mite Proctolaelaps gizaensis was found under palm trees and core of palm associated with mites, Rhizoglyphus robini, collembolan and other arthropods. The incubation period is affecting by different diets at 27±2ºC and 65-70%, the shortest period was 1.61 days when reared on sugar cane + pollen +chitosan), and the duration of larval female increased than male. Statistical analysis showed significant effects on the duration of the total immature stages with different diets. At the same temperature, life cycle durated 11.32 days for female and 10.10 days for male reared on sugar cane, but when add pollen to sugar cane, this period was 12.56 days for female opposed to 11.6 days for male. The shortest period of life cycle was recorded when reared on (sugar cane + chitosan), whereas the longest period was recorded when the mite reared on (sugar cane +pollen+ chitosan). Fecundity was affected by rearing on different diets, the mean total number of deposited eggs 84.7, 88.9, 48 and 16.75 eggs when reared on (sugar cane), (sugar cane + pollen), (sugar cane + pollen +chitosan) and (sugar cane + chitosan) respectively. The most suitable diet was sugarcane with pollen followed by sugarcane at 27±2ºC and 65-70% R.H. for increasing female fertility. The net reproductive rate (R0 ) reached highest value when it reared on sugarcane+ pollen (35.076 females /female). However, the shortest value was obtained when it reared on Sugarcane+ Chitosan being 6.384 females /female. For the mean generation time (T), this period decreased with the add chitosan to (sugarcane) and (sugarcane+ pollen), it were averaged values 12.588 and 17.305. While, these values increased when reared on sugarcane (18.157) and sugarcane+ pollen (19.910).When the values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were converted into finite rate of increase (?), the population of P. gizaensis had the capacity decrease by 1.216, 1.195, 1.191 and 1.158 times/female/day when fed on obvious diets respectively. Th

Standardisation of Jackfruit Seed Incorporated Chocolates and its Quality Evaluation

Background: Chocolate is a popular product that millions enjoy every day due to its unique, rich and sweet taste. Jackfruit seeds rich in nutrients, produce a chocolaty aroma and could be potentially cheap abundant substitute for making chocolate. Hence, the present study was carried out to formulate nutritionally superior chocolates using jackfruit seed. Methods: Jackfruit seed flour was used in varying proportions ranging from 30 to 70 per cent along with 10 to 50 per cent cocoa butter and 20 per cent other ingredients. Other ingredients used were cane sugar, cocoa powder and milk powder. The best treatment was selected through sensory evaluation using a score card with a 9 point hedonic scale. Result: Based on organoleptic evaluation, chocolate prepared with 30 per cent roasted jackfruit seed flour and 50 per cent cocoa butter had a maximum mean score of 8.31 for overall acceptability. The selected roasted jackfruit seed flour based chocolate was subjected to physico-chemical analysis and observed to have moisture (7.62%), carbohydrate (63.03g 100g-1), protein (3.78g 100g-1), fat (1g 100g-1) and fibre (3.13g 100g-1).

Toward the Adoption of Anaerobic Digestion Technology through Low-Cost Biodigesters: A Case Study of Non-Centrifugal Cane Sugar Producers in Colombia

Anaerobic digestion using low-cost biodigesters (LCB) is a promising alternative for Colombian producers of non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS). Since the integration of anaerobic digestion technology in this agro-industry is novel, it is critical to understand the factors that affect the acceptance behavior of such technology by NCS producers to develop future policies that promote the adoption of sustainable energy alternatives. This study aimed to analyze NCS producers’ behavioral intention to use LCB by utilizing an extended technology acceptance model (TAM). Data from a survey of 182 producers were used to evaluate the proposed model empirically. The extended TAM accounted for 78% of the variance in producers’ behavioral intention to use LCB. Thus, LCB acceptability could be fairly precisely predicted on the basis of producers’ intentions. This study’s findings contribute to research on the TAM and provide a better understanding of the factors influencing NCS producers’ behavioral intention to use LCB. Furthermore, this approach can assist policymakers at the local and global levels, given that NCS is produced in various developing countries worldwide.