scholarly journals Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplasia without abnormalities of chromosome 11q23 following treatment of acute leukemia with topoisomerase II-based chemotherapy

Leukemia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Seiter ◽  
EJ Feldman ◽  
C Sreekantaiah ◽  
M Pozzuoli ◽  
J Weisberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Acute Myelogenous ◽  
Chromosome 11Q23

scholarly journals Immunophenotypic study of acute leukemia by flow cytometry at BPKMCH.

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
S Shrestha ◽  
J Shrestha ◽  
CB Pun ◽  
T Pathak ◽  
S Bastola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Acute Myelogenous

Background: Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia is one of the most important clinical applications of fl ow cytometry. The aim of this study was to determine the immunophenotyping profi le of acute leukemia, by means of a fl ow cytometric method, using monoclonal antibodies all marked with a fl uorochrome, in four colour systems to assess their distribution according to type of leukemia (lymphoid B or T / myeloid). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected data of immunophenotyping from 52 acute leukemia patients at the department of pathology in B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to December 2011. Diagnosis was based on peripheral blood and bone marrow examination for morphology, cytochemistry and immunophenotypic studies. Results: Out of total 52 cases of acute leukemia diagnosed by fl ow cytometry over a two year period, there were 31 cases (59.6 %) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 20 cases (38.4 %) of acute myelogenous leukemia and one case (1.9 %) of bi-phenotypic acute leukemia. Leukemia was diagnosed among adults in 44.2 % whereas among children with age less than or equal to 15 years in 55.7 %. Thirty eight (73%) were male and 14 (27 %) were female with a male: female ratio of 2.7:1. For acute myelogenous leukemia, it was found that M0 (5.0 %), M1 (20%), M2 (60%), M3 (15%), M4 (5.0 %) were detected. CD13 and CD33 were the most useful markers in the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia. The most common subtype was AML-M2. Of the 31 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 20 cases (64.5 %) were identifi ed as B-ALL and 11 cases (35.5%) as T-ALL. Aside from cytoplasmic CD3 (cCD3) and CD7 were the most sensitive antigens present in all cases of T-ALL. All cases of B-ALL showed expression of pan B-cell markers CD19 and CD22, but 15 (75 %) of 20 cases expressed CD10. Conclusion: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping was found to be especially useful in the correct identifi cation and diagnosis of acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia and its subtypes. In combination with French-American-British (FAB) morphology and immunophenotyping, we were able to diagnose and classify all patients with acute leukemia in this study. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 345-350 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7856

scholarly journals Topoisomerase II levels and drug sensitivity in adult acute myelogenous leukemia

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
SH Kaufmann ◽  
JE Karp ◽  
RJ Jones ◽  
CB Miller ◽  
E Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽  
Acute Myelogenous ◽  
Topo Ii

Abstract The topoisomerase (topo) II-directed agents etoposide, daunorubicin (DNR), and amsacrine (m-AMSA) are widely used in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In the present study, multiple aspects of topo II-mediated drug action were examined in marrows from adult AML patients. Colony-forming assays revealed that the dose of etoposide, DNR, or m-AMSA required to diminish leukemic colony formation by 90% (LD90) varied over a greater than 20-fold range between different pretreatment marrows. Measurement of nuclear DNR accumulation in the absence and presence of quinidine revealed evidence of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) function in 8 of 82 samples at diagnosis and 5 of 36 samples at first relapse, but the largest quinidine-induced increment in DNR accumulation (< 2-fold) was too small to explain the variations in drug sensitivity. Restriction enzyme-based assays and sequencing of partial topo II alpha and topo II beta cDNAs from the most highly resistant specimens failed to demonstrate topo II gene mutations that could account for resistance. Western blotting of marrow samples containing greater than 80% blasts revealed that the content of the two topo II isoenzymes varied over a greater than 20-fold range, but did not correlate with drug sensitivity in vitro or in vivo. In addition, levels of topo II alpha and topo II beta in 46 of 47 clinical samples were lower than in human AML cell lines. Immunoperoxidase staining showed that these low topo II levels were accompanied by marked cell-to- cell heterogeneity, with topo II alpha being abundant in some blasts and diminished or absent from others. There was a trend toward increasing percentages of topo II alpha-positive cells in pretreatment marrows that contained more S-phase cells. Consistent with this observation, treatment of patients with granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor for 3 days before chemotherapy resulted in increases in topo II alpha-positive cells concomitant with increases in the number of cells traversing the cell cycle. These observations have implications for the regulation of topo II in AML, for the use of topo II-directed chemotherapy, and for future attempts to relate drug sensitivity to topo II levels in clinical material.

Frequency, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Colonization and Infection in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia: Different Patterns in Patients with Acute Myelogenous and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde D. Ford ◽  
Bert K. Lopansri ◽  
Souha Haydoura ◽  
Greg Snow ◽  
Kristin K. Dascomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Acute Myelogenous ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

OBJECTIVETo determine the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization and infection in patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia.DESIGNRetrospective clinical study with VRE molecular strain typing.SETTINGA regional referral center for acute leukemia.PATIENTSTwo hundred fourteen consecutive patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia between 2006 and 2012.METHODSAll patients had a culture of first stool and weekly surveillance for VRE. Clinical data were abstracted from the Intermountain Healthcare electronic data warehouse. VRE molecular typing was performed utilizing the semi-automated DiversiLab System.RESULTSThe rate of VRE colonization was directly proportional to length of stay and was higher in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Risk factors associated with colonization include administration of corticosteroids (P=0.004) and carbapenems (P=0.009). Neither a colonized prior room occupant nor an increased unit colonization pressure affected colonization risk. Colonized patients with acute myelogenous leukemia had an increased risk of VRE bloodstream infection (BSI, P=0.002). Other risk factors for VRE BSI include severe neutropenia (P=0.04) and diarrhea (P=0.008). Fifty-eight percent of BSI isolates were identical or related by molecular typing. Eighty-nine percent of bloodstream isolates were identical or related to stool isolates identified by surveillance cultures. VRE BSI was associated with increased costs (P=0.0003) and possibly mortality.CONCLUSIONSVRE colonization has important consequences for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia undergoing induction therapy. For febrile neutropenic patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, use of empirical antibiotic regimens that avoid carbapenems and include VRE coverage may be helpful in decreasing the risks associated with VRE BSI.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(1): 47–53

scholarly journals Reticulin Fibrosis and Bone Infarction in Acute Leukemia. Implications for Prognosis

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD W. KUNDEL ◽  
GEORGE BRECHER ◽  
GERALD P. BODEY ◽  
GEOFFREY M. BRITTIN
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Bone Pain ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Bone Necrosis ◽  
Short Survival ◽  
Acute Myelogenous

Abstract Reticulin fibrosis was found in 21 of 40 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia when marrows were studied sequentially by Vim-Silverman needle biopsies. Reticulin fibrosis frequently occurred early in the development of the disease. Mild degrees were completely reversible with remission, severe degrees usually persisted, even through remissions. Fibrosis appeared to develop during relapse. Duration of the disease in itself had little influence on the degree of reticulin fibrosis, and collagen fibrosis seldom followed reticulin fibrosis even after many months’ duration. The prognosis of patients with reticulin fibrosis of their marrows was definitely poorer than for the group without increased reticulin. Reticulin fibrosis virtually always prevented successful marrow biopsies by the standard technic of needle aspiration. Bone necrosis occurred in 11 of 75 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, but in none of 53 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia studied by Vim-Silverman needle biopsies during life or at autopsy. Bone necrosis was the major cause of severe bone pain and it was always associated with reticulin fibrosis of the marrow. Bone infarcts were not associated with short survival in all cases, but in general the prognosis of patients with bone necrosis was even poorer than that of patients with reticulin fibrosis but without demonstrable infarction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document