Multiple exaggerated weapon morphs: a novel form of male polymorphism in harvestmen

Neosadocus harvestmen are endemic to the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Although they are conspicuous and display great morphological variation, their evolutionary history and the biogeographical events underlying their diversification and distribution are still unknown. This contribution about Neosadocus includes the following: a taxonomic revision; a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear markers; an investigation of the genetic structure and species' diversity in a phylogeographical framework. Our results show that Neosadocus is a monophyletic group and comprises four species: N. bufo, N. maximus, N. robustus and N. misandrus (which we did not find on fieldwork and only studied the female holotype). There is astonishing male polymorphism in N. robustus, mostly related to reproductive strategies. The following synonymies have resulted from this work: Bunoweyhia variabilis Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Neosadocus bufo (Mello-Leitão, 1926); and Bunoweyhia minor Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Neosadocus maximus (Giltay, 1928). Most divergences occurred during the Miocene, a geological epoch marked by intense orogenic and climatic events in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Intraspecific analyses indicate strong population structure, a pattern congruent with the general behavior and physiological constraints of Neotropical harvestmen.

Phylogeography of Neopurcellia salmoni, a widespread mite harvestman from the South Island of New Zealand, with the first report of male polymorphism in the suborder Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Journal of Arachnology ◽

10.1636/joa-s-20-003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pietro Tardelli Canedo ◽

Caitlin M. Baker ◽

Rina Morisawa ◽

Eliza J. Pessereau ◽

Sarah L. Boyer

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

The South ◽

First Report ◽

Male Polymorphism

A new species of Expanathura (Crustacea: Isopoda: Anthuroidea) from Iriomote Island, Japan, with a note on male polymorphism

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5047.3.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5047 (3) ◽

pp. 377-390

Author(s):

SHOKI SHIRAKI ◽

MICHITAKA SHIMOMURA ◽

KEIICHI KAKUI

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Northwestern Pacific ◽

Male Polymorphism ◽

Iriomote Island ◽

Brown Pigmentation ◽

A New Species

We describe Expanathura monile sp. nov. from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, northwestern Pacific. This species resembles E. collaris, E. macronesia, and E. haddae in having very broad uropodal rami, a broad telson, and a moderately shortened pleopod 1 endopod, but differs from these three species in the female having (1) the head with a dorsal V-shaped band of brown pigmentation, (2) the antennular flagellum with 3–4 articles, (3) antennal peduncular article 2 with an outer triangular projection, (4) the uropodal endopod longer than wide, (5) the uropodal exopod with an acute triangular projection, (6) an oval telson, and (7) the posterolateral setae on the telson similar in length. We present a revised key to known species in the genus Expanathura and briefly discuss the male polymorphism observed in E. monile.

Systematics and phylogeography of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic harvestmen Neosadocus Mello-Leitão, 1926 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0249746

Author(s):

Daniel Castro-Pereira ◽

Elen A. Peres ◽

Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Reproductive Strategies ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Nuclear Markers ◽

Physiological Constraints ◽

Male Polymorphism ◽

Female Holotype ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Neosadocus harvestmen are endemic to the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Although they are conspicuous and display great morphological variation, their evolutionary history and the biogeographical events underlying their diversification and distribution are still unknown. This contribution about Neosadocus includes the following: a taxonomic revision; a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear markers; an investigation of the genetic structure and species’ diversity in a phylogeographical framework. Our results show that Neosadocus is a monophyletic group and comprises four species: N. bufo, N. maximus, N. robustus and N. misandrus (which we did not find on fieldwork and only studied the female holotype). There is astonishing male polymorphism in N. robustus, mostly related to reproductive strategies. The following synonymies have resulted from this work: “Bunoweyhia” variabilis Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Neosadocus bufo (Mello-Leitão, 1926); and “Bunoweyhia” minor Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Neosadocus maximus (Giltay, 1928). Most divergences occurred during the Miocene, a geological epoch marked by intense orogenic and climatic events in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Intraspecific analyses indicate strong population structure, a pattern congruent with the general behavior and physiological constraints of Neotropical harvestmen.

Population density and male polymorphism in the feather mite Falculifer rostratus (Acari: Falculiferidae)

Trends in Acarology ◽

10.1007/978-90-481-9837-5_48 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 299-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. C. Proctor ◽

G. Williams ◽

D. H. Clayton

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Feather Mite ◽

Male Polymorphism

Fig–associated wasps: pollinators and parasites, sex–ratio adjustment and male polymorphism, population structure and its consequences

The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511721946.014 ◽

1997 ◽

pp. 226-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Edward Allen Herre ◽

Stuart A. West ◽

James M. Cook ◽

Steven G. Compton ◽

Finn Kjellberg

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Male Polymorphism ◽

Sex Ratio Adjustment

Labile male morphology and intraspecific male polymorphism in the Philotrypesis fig wasps

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.ympev.2004.08.008 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 706-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Emmanuelle Jousselin ◽

Simon van Noort ◽

Jaco M. Greeff

Keyword(s):

Fig Wasps ◽

Male Polymorphism ◽

Male Morphology

The adaptive significance of male polymorphism in the acarid mite Caloglyphus berlesei

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ◽

10.1007/bf00216601 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 201-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Jacek Radwan

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Significance ◽

Male Polymorphism

Male polymorphism inLimia perugiae (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

Behavior Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf01067933 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Claudia Erbelding-Denk ◽

Johannes Horst Schr�der ◽

Manfred Schartl ◽

Indrajit Nanda ◽

Michael Schmid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Male Polymorphism

Sexual dimorphism and geographical male polymorphism in the ghost moth Hepialus humuli (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae): Scale ultrastructure and evolutionary aspects

European Journal of Entomology ◽

10.14411/eje.2009.036 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 303-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Svend KAABER ◽

Niels P. KRISTENSEN ◽

Thomas J. SIMONSEN

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Male Polymorphism ◽

Evolutionary Aspects