End-group cross-linked large-size composite membranes via a lab-made continuous caster: enhanced oxidative stability and scale-up feasibility in a 50 cm2 single-cell and a 220 W class 5-cell PEFC stack

RSC Advances ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (46) ◽  
pp. 24154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyun Yun ◽  
Se-Hun Oh ◽  
Jung-Je Woo ◽  
Ju-Young Lee ◽  
Jin-Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Continuous Caster ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Large Size ◽  
End Group

scholarly journals Hydrocarbon Composite Membranes with Improved Oxidative Stability for PEMFC

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejin Lee ◽  
Young-Woo Choi ◽  
Tae-Hyun Yang ◽  
Byungchan Bae
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Composite Membranes

(Invited) Advances in Composite Membranes Design and Scale Up for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol MA2021-02 (44) ◽  
pp. 1367-1367
Author(s):  
Alexander Agapov ◽  
Amr Kobaisy ◽  
Christin Wilbert ◽  
Thomas Berta ◽  
Paul Kiernan
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Oxidative Stability and Its Effect on the Photoluminescence of Poly(Fluorene) Derivatives:  End Group Effects

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Ik Lee ◽  
Gerrit Klaerner ◽  
Robert D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
End Group ◽  
Group Effects

scholarly journals EnClaSC: A novel ensemble approach for accurate and robust cell-type classification of single-cell transcriptomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
Shengquan Chen ◽  
Rui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
General Data ◽  
Type Classification

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the rapid development of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques enables the quantitative characterization of cell types at a single-cell resolution. With the explosive growth of the number of cells profiled in individual scRNA-seq experiments, there is a demand for novel computational methods for classifying newly-generated scRNA-seq data onto annotated labels. Although several methods have recently been proposed for the cell-type classification of single-cell transcriptomic data, such limitations as inadequate accuracy, inferior robustness, and low stability greatly limit their wide applications.ResultsWe propose a novel ensemble approach, named EnClaSC, for accurate and robust cell-type classification of single-cell transcriptomic data. Through comprehensive validation experiments, we demonstrate that EnClaSC can not only be applied to the self-projection within a specific dataset and the cell-type classification across different datasets, but also scale up well to various data dimensionality and different data sparsity. We further illustrate the ability of EnClaSC to effectively make cross-species classification, which may shed light on the studies in correlation of different species. EnClaSC is freely available at https://github.com/xy-chen16/EnClaSC.ConclusionsEnClaSC enables highly accurate and robust cell-type classification of single-cell transcriptomic data via an ensemble learning method. We expect to see wide applications of our method to not only transcriptome studies, but also the classification of more general data.

scholarly journals Hydrophobic interaction governs unspecific adhesion of staphylococci: a single cell force spectroscopy study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1501-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Thewes ◽  
Peter Loskill ◽  
Philipp Jung ◽  
Henrik Peisker ◽  
Markus Bischoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Staphylococcus Carnosus ◽  
Hydrophilic Surfaces ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Cell Force

Unspecific adhesion of bacteria is usually the first step in the formation of biofilms on abiotic surfaces, yet it is unclear up to now which forces are governing this process. Alongside long-ranged van der Waals and electrostatic forces, short-ranged hydrophobic interaction plays an important role. To characterize the forces involved during approach and retraction of an individual bacterium to and from a surface, single cell force spectroscopy is applied: A single cell of the apathogenic species Staphylococcus carnosus isolate TM300 is used as bacterial probe. With the exact same bacterium, hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces can be probed and compared. We find that as far as 50 nm from the surface, attractive forces can already be recorded, an indication of the involvement of long-ranged forces. Yet, comparing the surfaces of different surface energy, our results corroborate the model that large, bacterial cell wall proteins are responsible for adhesion, and that their interplay with the short-ranged hydrophobic interaction of the involved surfaces is mainly responsible for adhesion. The ostensibly long range of the attraction is a result of the large size of the cell wall proteins, searching for contact via hydrophobic interaction. The model also explains the strong (weak) adhesion of S. carnosus to hydrophobic (hydrophilic) surfaces.

scholarly journals Overcoming bioprocess bottlenecks in the large-scale expansion of high-quality hiPSC aggregates in vertical-wheel stirred suspension bioreactors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna S. Borys ◽  
Tiffany Dang ◽  
Tania So ◽  
Leili Rohani ◽  
Tamas Revay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cell Inoculation

Abstract Background Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold enormous promise in accelerating breakthroughs in understanding human development, drug screening, disease modeling, and cell and gene therapies. Their potential, however, has been bottlenecked in a mostly laboratory setting due to bioprocess challenges in the scale-up of large quantities of high-quality cells for clinical and manufacturing purposes. While several studies have investigated the production of hiPSCs in bioreactors, the use of conventional horizontal-impeller, paddle, and rocking-wave mixing mechanisms have demonstrated unfavorable hydrodynamic environments for hiPSC growth and quality maintenance. This study focused on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to aid in characterizing and optimizing the use of vertical-wheel bioreactors for hiPSC production. Methods The vertical-wheel bioreactor was modeled with CFD simulation software Fluent at agitation rates between 20 and 100 rpm. These models produced fluid flow patterns that mapped out a hydrodynamic environment to guide in the development of hiPSC inoculation and in-vessel aggregate dissociation protocols. The effect of single-cell inoculation on aggregate formation and growth was tested at select CFD-modeled agitation rates and feeding regimes in the vertical-wheel bioreactor. An in-vessel dissociation protocol was developed through the testing of various proteolytic enzymes and agitation exposure times. Results CFD modeling demonstrated the unique flow pattern and homogeneous distribution of hydrodynamic forces produced in the vertical-wheel bioreactor, making it the opportune environment for systematic bioprocess optimization of hiPSC expansion. We developed a scalable, single-cell inoculation protocol for the culture of hiPSCs as aggregates in vertical-wheel bioreactors, achieving over 30-fold expansion in 6 days without sacrificing cell quality. We have also provided the first published protocol for in-vessel hiPSC aggregate dissociation, permitting the entire bioreactor volume to be harvested into single cells for serial passaging into larger scale reactors. Importantly, the cells harvested and re-inoculated into scaled-up vertical-wheel bioreactors not only maintained consistent growth kinetics, they maintained a normal karyotype and pluripotent characterization and function. Conclusions Taken together, these protocols provide a feasible solution for the culture of high-quality hiPSCs at a clinical and manufacturing scale by overcoming some of the major documented bioprocess bottlenecks.

scholarly journals Overcoming Bioprocess Bottlenecks in the Large-Scale Expansion of High Quality hiPSC Aggregates in Vertical-Wheel Stirred Suspension Bioreactors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna S Borys ◽  
Tiffany Dang ◽  
Tania So ◽  
Leili Rohani ◽  
Tamas Revay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cell Inoculation

Abstract BackgroundHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold enormous promise in accelerating breakthroughs in understanding human development, drug screening, disease modeling and cell and gene therapies. Their potential, however, has been bottlenecked in a mostly laboratory setting due to bioprocess challenges in the scale-up of large quantities of high-quality cells for clinical and manufacturing purposes. While several studies have investigated the production of hiPSCs in bioreactors, the use of conventional horizontal-impeller, paddle and rocking-wave mixing mechanisms have demonstrated unfavourable hydrodynamic environments for hiPSC growth and quality maintenance. This study focused on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to aid in characterizing and optimizing the use of vertical-wheel bioreactors for hiPSC production.MethodsThe vertical-wheel bioreactor was modeled with CFD simulation software Fluent at agitation rates between 20rpm and 100rpm. These models produced fluid flow patterns that mapped out a hydrodynamic environment to guide in the development of hiPSC inoculation and in-vessel aggregate dissociation protocols. The effect of single-cell inoculation on aggregate formation and growth was tested at select CFD modeled agitation rates and feeding regimes in the vertical-wheel bioreactor. An in-vessel dissociation protocol was developed through the testing of various proteolytic enzymes and agitation exposure times.ResultsCFD modeling demonstrated the unique flow pattern and homogeneous distribution of hydrodynamic forces produced in the vertical-wheel bioreactor, making it the opportune environment for systematic bioprocess optimization of hiPSC expansion. We developed a scalable, single-cell inoculation protocol for the culture of hiPSCs as aggregates in vertical-wheel bioreactors, achieving over 30-fold expansion in 6 days without sacrificing cell quality. We have also provided the first published protocol for in-vessel hiPSC aggregate dissociation, permitting the entire bioreactor volume to be harvested into single-cells for serial passaging into larger scale reactors. Importantly, the cells harvested and re-inoculated into scaled-up vertical-wheel bioreactors not only maintained consistent growth kinetics, they maintained a normal karyotype and pluripotent characterization and function.ConclusionsTaken together, these protocols provide a feasible solution for the culture of high quality hiPSCs at a clinical and manufacturing scale by overcoming some of the major documented bioprocess bottlenecks.

scholarly journals The Potential of Single-Cell Oils Derived From Filamentous Fungi as Alternative Feedstock Sources for Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizwe I. Mhlongo ◽  
Obinna T. Ezeokoli ◽  
Ashira Roopnarain ◽  
Busiswa Ndaba ◽  
Patrick T. Sekoai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Single Cell Oils

Microbial lipids, also known as single-cell oils (SCOs), are highly attractive feedstocks for biodiesel production due to their fast production rates, minimal labor requirements, independence from seasonal and climatic changes, and ease of scale-up for industrial processing. Among the SCO producers, the less explored filamentous fungi (molds) exhibit desirable features such as a repertoire of hydrolyzing enzymes and a unique pellet morphology that facilitates downstream harvesting. Although several oleaginous filamentous fungi have been identified and explored for SCO production, high production costs and technical difficulties still make the process less attractive compared to conventional lipid sources for biodiesel production. This review aims to highlight the ability of filamentous fungi to hydrolyze various organic wastes for SCO production and explore current strategies to enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the SCO production and recovery process. The review also highlights the mechanisms and components governing lipogenic pathways, which can inform the rational designs of processing conditions and metabolic engineering efforts for increasing the quality and accumulation of lipids in filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we describe other process integration strategies such as the co-production with hydrogen using advanced fermentation processes as a step toward a biorefinery process. These innovative approaches allow for integrating upstream and downstream processing units, thus resulting in an efficient and cost-effective method of simultaneous SCO production and utilization for biodiesel production.

New system for detecting, mapping, monitoring, quantifying and reporting fugitive gas emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Tracy R. Tsai ◽  
Kendrick Du ◽  
Bill Stavropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Gas Detection ◽  
Barnett Shale ◽  
Fugitive Emissions ◽  
Coal Seam Gas ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
New System ◽  
Detection Technologies ◽  
Methane Detection

Coal seam gas (CSG) is an abundant energy source that’s been portrayed as having a lower Greenhouse Gas footprint than coal, but there have been concerns that fugitive emissions may be larger than estimated. Fugitive emissions associated with CSG development are engineered release points (valves and vents etc.) and unintentional equipment leaks. Various gas detection technologies are utilised across the industry that are effective at detecting large emissions sources in close proximity, but they are difficult to scale up to the large size needed for the CSG industry. We’ll present a summary of a trial utilising a new mobile methane detection and emission quantification system: the Picarro EQ (Emissions Quantification). After driving this instrument around CSG infrastructure, Picarro’s cloud-based analytics generate a map of methane measurements and emissions with wind indicators pointing to likely sources. Since all measurements are on a secure cloud-based service, any authorised operator can log into it to run reports and analytics. This system has been used to make measurements in the Barnett Shale, United States. We present results and demonstrate its usage within an operational CSG area to quantify and identify emissions from CSG infrastructure.

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