scholarly journals The Potential of Single-Cell Oils Derived From Filamentous Fungi as Alternative Feedstock Sources for Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizwe I. Mhlongo ◽  
Obinna T. Ezeokoli ◽  
Ashira Roopnarain ◽  
Busiswa Ndaba ◽  
Patrick T. Sekoai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Single Cell Oils

Microbial lipids, also known as single-cell oils (SCOs), are highly attractive feedstocks for biodiesel production due to their fast production rates, minimal labor requirements, independence from seasonal and climatic changes, and ease of scale-up for industrial processing. Among the SCO producers, the less explored filamentous fungi (molds) exhibit desirable features such as a repertoire of hydrolyzing enzymes and a unique pellet morphology that facilitates downstream harvesting. Although several oleaginous filamentous fungi have been identified and explored for SCO production, high production costs and technical difficulties still make the process less attractive compared to conventional lipid sources for biodiesel production. This review aims to highlight the ability of filamentous fungi to hydrolyze various organic wastes for SCO production and explore current strategies to enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the SCO production and recovery process. The review also highlights the mechanisms and components governing lipogenic pathways, which can inform the rational designs of processing conditions and metabolic engineering efforts for increasing the quality and accumulation of lipids in filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we describe other process integration strategies such as the co-production with hydrogen using advanced fermentation processes as a step toward a biorefinery process. These innovative approaches allow for integrating upstream and downstream processing units, thus resulting in an efficient and cost-effective method of simultaneous SCO production and utilization for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Uncoupling Foam Fractionation and Foam Adsorption for Enhanced Biosurfactant Synthesis and Recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Christian C. Blesken ◽  
Tessa Strümpfler ◽  
Till Tiso ◽  
Lars M. Blank
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Foam Fractionation ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida Kt2440 ◽  
Culture Volume ◽  
Product Removal ◽  
Fractionation Column ◽  
Space Time Yield

The production of biosurfactants is often hampered by excessive foaming in the bioreactor, impacting system scale-up and downstream processing. Foam fractionation was proposed to tackle this challenge by combining in situ product removal with a pre-purification step. In previous studies, foam fractionation was coupled to bioreactor operation, hence it was operated at suboptimal parameters. Here, we use an external fractionation column to decouple biosurfactant production from foam fractionation, enabling continuous surfactant separation, which is especially suited for system scale-up. As a subsequent product recovery step, continuous foam adsorption was integrated into the process. The configuration is evaluated for rhamnolipid (RL) or 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA, i.e., RL precursor) production by recombinant non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Surfactant concentrations of 7.5 gRL/L and 2.0 gHAA/L were obtained in the fractionated foam. 4.7 g RLs and 2.8 g HAAs could be separated in the 2-stage recovery process within 36 h from a 2 L culture volume. With a culture volume scale-up to 9 L, 16 g RLs were adsorbed, and the space-time yield (STY) increased by 31% to 0.21 gRL/L·h. We demonstrate a well-performing process design for biosurfactant production and recovery as a contribution to a vital bioeconomy.

scholarly journals Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Production from Glycerol by Zobellella denitrificans MW1 via High-Cell-Density Fed-Batch Fermentation and Simplified Solvent Extraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 6222-6231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. A. Ibrahim ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
High Specific Growth Rate

ABSTRACT Industrial production of biodegradable polyesters such as polyhydroxyalkanoates is hampered by high production costs, among which the costs for substrates and for downstream processing represent the main obstacles. Inexpensive fermentable raw materials such as crude glycerol, an abundant by-product of the biodiesel industry, have emerged to be promising carbon sources for industrial fermentations. In this study, Zobellella denitrificans MW1, a recently isolated bacterium, was used for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from glycerol as the sole carbon source. Pilot-scale fermentations (42-liter scale) were conducted to scale up the high PHB accumulation capability of this strain. By fed-batch cultivation, at first a relatively high cell density (29.9 ± 1.3 g/liter) was obtained during only a short fermentation period (24 h). However, the PHB content was relatively low (31.0% ± 4.2% [wt/wt]). Afterwards, much higher concentrations of PHB (up to 54.3 ± 7.9 g/liter) and higher cell densities (up to 81.2 ± 2.5 g/liter) were obtained by further fed-batch optimization in the presence of 20 g/liter NaCl, with optimized feeding of glycerol and ammonia to support both cell growth and polymer accumulation over a period of 50 h. A high specific growth rate (0.422/h) and a short doubling time (1.64 h) were attained. The maximum PHB content obtained was 66.9% ± 7.6% of cell dry weight, and the maximum polymer productivity and substrate yield coefficient were 1.09 ± 0.16 g/liter/h and 0.25 ± 0.04 g PHB/g glycerol, respectively. Furthermore, a simple organic solvent extraction process was employed for PHB recovery during downstream processing: self-flotation of cell debris after extraction of PHB with chloroform allowed a convenient separation of a clear PHB-solvent solution from the cells. Maximum PHB recovery (85.0% ± 0.10% [wt/wt]) was reached after 72 h of extraction with chloroform at 30°C, with a polymer purity of 98.3% ± 1.3%.

scholarly journals Single Cell Oil Production from Waste Biomass: Review of Applicable Industrial By-Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Kriss Spalvins ◽  
Ilze Vamza ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Single Cell Oil ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
By Products

Abstract Single cell oil (SCO) is an attractive alternative source of oil, which, depending on the fatty acid composition, can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production, as an ingredient for pharmaceuticals or as a source of essential fatty acids for human and animal consumption. However, the use of SCO is limited due to use of relatively expensive food or feed products in the cultivation of SCO producing microorganisms. In order to reduce SCO production costs, the use of cheaper feedstock such as biodegradable agro-industrial wastes are necessary. At the same time, the microbial treatment of biodegradable wastes ensures the neutralization of environmentally harmful compounds and reduces the negative impact on the environment. Oleaginous microorganisms are capable of fermenting a variety of industrial by-products, waste products and wastewaters, however further discussion on properties of the waste materials is necessary to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate waste materials for SCO production. Thus, this review compares various industrial waste products that can be used as cheap feedstock for the cultivation of SCO producing microorganisms. Industrial waste products, by-products and wastewaters are compared according to their global availability, current use in competing industries, required pre-fermentation treatments, oleaginous microorganism cell concentrations and SCO yields.

scholarly journals Reaction of Sulfur and Sustainable Algae Oil for Polymer Synthesis and Enrichment of Saturated Triglycerides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adarsha Gupta ◽  
Max Worthington ◽  
Munish Puri ◽  
Justin Chalker
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Algae Oil ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Unsaturated Triglycerides

There is growing interest in the bio-based production of lipids from algae. These lipids have a range of uses including nutritional supplements and precursors to biodiesel. Single-cell thraustochytrids are especially attractive in this regard in that they can produce over 50% of their weight as triglycerides. Furthermore, the distribution of saturated and unsaturated triglycerides can be modulated by changes in strain variation and modulation of fermentation conditions. Nonetheless, there remains a need for versatile downstream processing to enrich these so-called “single cell oils” into classes based on degree of unsaturation. In this study, we report a novel strategy for enriching saturated triglycerides produced in thraustochytrids. The method features direct reaction of elemental sulfur with the algae oil extract. The sulfur copolymerizes with >90% of the unsaturated triglycerides, providing a new route to a class of materials previously used in environmental remediation, Li-S battery cathodes, slow-release fertilisers, and insulation. The unreacted oil is enriched in saturated triglycerides, which can be isolated by extraction for potential use in biodiesel production. In this way, a single batch of sustainably produced algae oil can be converted into multiple useful products in a single step.

scholarly journals Challenges of Downstream Processing for the Production of Biodiesel from Microalgae

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Novais Pôjo
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Research Initiatives

The continuous reliance on fossil fuels is unsustainable, due to the depletion of global reserves and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with their use. Therefore, there are vigorous research initiatives intended to develop renewable alternatives. Microalgae are a promising alternative for biodiesel production and have received increasing attention during the last few decades. However, is not yet sufficiently cost-effective to compete with petroleum-based conventional fuels. This happens essentially because of downstream processing – harvesting microalgae biomass and extraction of lipids are two of the most expensive processes from the overall process. Harvesting, drying, cell disruption, oil extraction and transesterification (into biodiesel) are highlighted processes in this review article. The techniques associated with each process present advantages and handicaps that are here discussed. Improvements that will directly affect the final production costs of microalgal biomass-based biofuels are also proposed.

Downstream Processing, Extraction, and Purification of Single Cell Oils

2010 ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Ratledge ◽  
Hugo Streekstra ◽  
Zvi Cohen ◽  
Jaouad Fichtali
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Single Cell Oils

scholarly journals Economic and Sustainability of Biodiesel Production—A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Tamás Mizik ◽  
Gábor Gyarmati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Production

As Earth’s fossil energy resources are limited, there is a growing need for renewable resources such as biodiesel. That is the reason why the social, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels became an important research topic in the last decade. Depleted stocks of crude oil and the significant level of environmental pollution encourage researchers and professionals to seek and find solutions. The study aims to analyze the economic and sustainability issues of biodiesel production by a systematic literature review. During this process, 53 relevant studies were analyzed out of 13,069 identified articles. Every study agrees that there are several concerns about the first-generation technology; however, further generations cannot be price-competitive at this moment due to the immature technology and high production costs. However, there are promising alternatives, such as wastewater-based microalgae with up to 70% oil content, fat, oils and grease (FOG), when production cost is below 799 USD/gallon, and municipal solid waste-volatile fatty acids technology, where the raw material is free. Proper management of the co-products (mainly glycerol) is essential, especially at the currently low petroleum prices (0.29 USD/L), which can only be handled by the biorefineries. Sustainability is sometimes translated as cost efficiency, but the complex interpretation is becoming more common. Common elements of sustainability are environmental and social, as well as economic, issues.

scholarly journals Recent Findings in Azaphilone Pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Lúcia P. S. Pimenta ◽  
Dhionne C. Gomes ◽  
Patrícia G. Cardoso ◽  
Jacqueline A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Compounds

Filamentous fungi are known to biosynthesize an extraordinary range of azaphilones pigments with structural diversity and advantages over vegetal-derived colored natural products such agile and simple cultivation in the lab, acceptance of low-cost substrates, speed yield improvement, and ease of downstream processing. Modern genetic engineering allows industrial production, providing pigments with higher thermostability, water-solubility, and promising bioactivities combined with ecological functions. This review, covering the literature from 2020 onwards, focuses on the state-of-the-art of azaphilone dyes, the global market scenario, new compounds isolated in the period with respective biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the innovations of azaphilone cultivation and extraction techniques, as well as in yield improvement and scale-up. Potential applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and textile industries were also explored.

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