Impact of side-chain fluorination on photovoltaic properties: fine tuning of the microstructure and energy levels of 2D-conjugated copolymers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (32) ◽  
pp. 16702-16711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisoo Shin ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Boseok Kang ◽  
Jaewon Lee ◽  
Heung Gyu Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital

The control of the molecular energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is crucial to the design of highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs).

scholarly journals An Effective D-π-A Type Donor Material Based on 4-Fluorobenzoylacetonitrile Core Unit for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Shabaz Alam ◽  
M. Shaheer Akhtar ◽  
Abdullah ◽  
Eun-Bi Kim ◽  
Hyung-Shik Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Donor Material ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital

In order to develop new and effective donor materials, a planar donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) type small organic molecule (SOM), 2-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-3-(5″-hexyl-[2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophen]-5-yl) acrylonitrile, named as H3T-4-FOP, was synthesized by the reaction of 4-fluorobenzoylacetonitrile (as acceptor unit) and hexyl terthiophene (as donor unit) derivatives. Promising optical, solubility, electronic and photovoltaic properties were observed for the H3T-4-FOP SOM. Significantly, the presence of 4-fluorobenzoylacetonitrile as an acceptor unit in H3T-4-FOP SOM tuned the optical band gap to ~2.01 eV and procured the reasonable energy levels as highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of −5.27 eV and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) −3.26 eV. The synthesized H3T-4-FOP SOM was applied as a donor material to fabricate solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ-OSCs) with an active layer of H3T-4-FOP: PC61BM (1:2, w/w) and was validated as having a good power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~4.38%. Our studies clearly inspire for future designing of multifunctional groups containing the 4-fluorobenzoylacetonitrile based SOM for high performance BHJ-OSCs.

scholarly journals PffBT4T-2OD Based Solar Cells with Aryl-Substituted N-Methyl-Fulleropyrrolidine Acceptors

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Gaspar ◽  
Flávio Figueira ◽  
Karol Strutyński ◽  
Manuel Melle-Franco ◽  
Dzmitry Ivanou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital

Novel C60 and C70 N-methyl-fulleropyrrolidine derivatives, containing both electron withdrawing and electron donating substituent groups, were synthesized by the well-known Prato reaction. The corresponding highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels were determined by cyclic voltammetry, from the onset oxidation and reduction potentials, respectively. Some of the novel fullerenes have higher LUMO levels than the standards PC61BM and PC71BM. When tested in PffBT4T-2OD based polymer solar cells, with the standard architecture ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Active-Layer/Ca/Al, these fullerenes do not bring about any efficiency improvements compared to the standard PC71BM system, however they show how the electronic nature of the different substituents strongly affects the efficiency of the corresponding organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. The functionalization of C70 yields a mixture of regioisomers and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that these have systematically different electronic properties. This electronic inhomogeneity is likely responsible for the lower performance observed in devices containing C70 derivatives. These results help to understand how new fullerene acceptors can affect the performance of OPV devices.

scholarly journals Emphasizing the Operational Role of a Novel Graphene-Based Ink into High Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minas M. Stylianakis ◽  
Dimitriοs M. Kosmidis ◽  
Katerina Anagnostou ◽  
Christos Polyzoidis ◽  
Miron Krassas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Synthetic Routes

A novel solution-processed graphene-based material was synthesized by treating graphene oxide (GO) with 2,5,7-trinitro-9-oxo-fluorenone-4-carboxylic acid (TNF-COOH) moieties, via simple synthetic routes. The yielded molecule N-[(carbamoyl-GO)ethyl]-N’-[(carbamoyl)-(2,5,7-trinitro-9-oxo-fluorene)] (GO-TNF) was thoroughly characterized and it was shown that it presents favorable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels to function as a bridge component between the polymeric donor poly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl] thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7) and the fullerene derivative acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric-acid-methylester (PC71BM). In this context, a GO-TNF based ink was prepared and directly incorporated within the binary photoactive layer, in different volume ratios (1-3% ratio to the blend), for the effective realization of inverted ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) of the structure ITO/PFN/PTB7:GO-TNF:PC71BM/MoO3/Al. The addition of 2% v/v GO-TNF ink led to a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.71% that was enhanced by ~13% as compared to the reference cell.

Side chain modification: an effective approach to modulate the energy level of benzodithiophene based polymers for high-performance solar cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (35) ◽  
pp. 18115-18126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimei Wu ◽  
Baofeng Zhao ◽  
Weiping Wang ◽  
Zhaoqi Guo ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital

Over the past few years, it has been proven that deepening the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of conjugated polymers is one of the most successful strategies to develop novel materials for high performance bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells.

Side-Chain Engineering for Fine-Tuning of Energy Levels and Nanoscale Morphology in Polymer Solar Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1400087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewon Lee ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Boseok Kang ◽  
Sae Byeok Jo ◽  
Heung Gyu Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Nanoscale Morphology

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bithiophene-Based D-A1-D-A2 Terpolymers with Different A2 Moieties for Polymer Solar Cells via Direct Arylation

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Zhenkun Lin ◽  
Wenhuai Feng ◽  
Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Film Morphology ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Direct Arylation ◽  
Blend Film ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital

A series of bithiophene (2T)-based D-A1-D-A2 terpolymers with different A2 moieties were prepared via direct arylation reaction. In these terpolymers, pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) was selected as the first electron-accepting (A1) moiety, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) or fluorinated benzothiadiazole (FBT) or octyl-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) or 2,1,3-benzoselendiazole (SeT) was selected as the second electron-accepting (A2) moiety, while bithiophene with hexyl side chain was used as the electron-donating moiety. The UV-vis absorption, electrochemical properties, blend film morphology, and photovoltaic properties were studied to explore the effects of the A2 moiety. It is shown that these terpolymer films exhibit broad absorption (350–1000 nm), full width at half-maximum of more than 265 nm and ordered molecular packing. Varying the A2 moiety could affect the energy levels and blend film morphology leading to different polymer solar cell (PSC) performances of these (2T)-based D-A1-D-A2 terpolymers. As a result, the highest Jsc of 10.70 mA/cm2 is achieved for Polymer 1 (P1) with BT as A2 moiety, while the higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level limits the open circuit voltage (Voc) and leads to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.46%.

Rational design of conjugated side chains for high-performance all-polymer solar cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
Meilin Li ◽  
Fengyuan Lin ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Zhifan Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains

High-performance all-polymer solar cells were developed by employing an asymmetric benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene unit with one thiophene and one 4-methoxythiophene conjugated side chain in the donor polymer, which enabled fine-tuning of energy levels and phase separation.

scholarly journals Emphasizing the Operational Role of a Novel Graphene-Based Ink into High Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minas M. Stylianakis ◽  
Dimitrios M. Kosmidis ◽  
Katerina Anagnostou ◽  
Christos Polyzoidis ◽  
Miron Krassas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital ◽  
Synthetic Routes

A novel solution-processed, graphene-based material was synthesized by treating graphene oxide (GO) with 2,5,7-trinitro-9-oxo-fluorenone-4-carboxylic acid (TNF-COOH) moieties, via simple synthetic routes. The yielded molecule N-[(carbamoyl-GO)ethyl]-N′-[(carbamoyl)-(2,5,7-trinitro-9-oxo-fluorene)] (GO-TNF) was thoroughly characterized and it was shown that it presents favorable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels to function as a bridge component between the polymeric donor poly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl] thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7) and the fullerene derivative acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric-acid-methylester (PC71BM). In this context, a GO-TNF based ink was prepared and directly incorporated within the binary photoactive layer, in different volume ratios (1%–3% ratio to the blend) for the effective realization of inverted ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) of the structure ITO/PFN/PTB7:GO-TNF:PC71BM/MoO3/Al. The addition of 2% v/v GO-TNF ink led to a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.71% that was enhanced by ~13% as compared to the reference cell.

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