Electrospun organic–inorganic nanohybrids as sustained release drug delivery systems

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, affects more than 64 million people worldwide and is expected to grow in number due to the aging global population and enhanced methods of detection. Although topical therapies are often effective when used as prescribed, the drawbacks of current medical management methods include poor patient adherence, local and systemic side effects, and in some cases, limited therapeutic efficacy. Novel ocular drug delivery platforms promise to deliver differentiated drug formulations with targeted delivery leveraging patient-independent administration. Several platforms are in various stages of development with promising pre-clinical and clinical data. The Bimatoprost Sustained Release (SR) intracameral implant was approved in the United States in March of 2020, making it the first long-term injectable therapy available for the treatment of glaucoma. This review aims to provide an update on novel sustained release drug delivery systems that are available today as well as those that might be commercialized in coming years.

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The role of polymer membrane formation in sustained release drug delivery systems

Journal of Controlled Release ◽

10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.09.038 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 109 (1-3) ◽

pp. 211-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

A.J. McHugh

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Polymer Membrane ◽

Membrane Formation ◽

Release Drug

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Comparison of chitosan microsphere versus O-carboxymethyl chitosan microsphere for drug delivery systems

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/0883911517690757 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 469-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gang Zhou ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Jun Tai ◽

Qianyi Han ◽

Lei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Controlled Drug Delivery ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Chitosan Microspheres ◽

Chitosan Microsphere

The development of controlled drug delivery systems for bone regeneration, especially microspheres, has become a research hotspot in recent years. Chitosan and its derivative O-carboxymethyl chitosan have been considered to be an effective way for controlled drug delivery due to their nontoxicity and biodegradability. Currently, most of the studies have researched on synthesizing and characterizing chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan. However, few studies have focused on the differences between chitosan microspheres and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres directly. In this study, chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres were developed by water-in-oil emulsification cross-linking method using vanillin as the cross-linking agent, and then their physicochemical properties were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in vitro release testing. The results showed that O-carboxymethyl chitosan was successfully modified by adding carboxymethyl group at the chitosan C6 position.The particle size of chitosan microspheres (50–90 µm) was significantly larger than that of O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres (10–50 µm), and the drug release profile of O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres showed larger initial burst release within the first day and sustained release at the fourth day, while chitosan microspheres showed sustained release at the seventh day. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that MC3T3-E1 proliferated well and highly expressed the alkaline phosphatase marker protein on both chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres. Overall, both chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres showed good biocompatibility, and chitosan microspheres were superior to O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres. Moreover, the different drug release rates suggest that chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres have the potential to be used for the repair of different bone defects.

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