Hydrogels for modified-release drug delivery systems

Hydrogels for the modified-release drug delivery systems is a continuously growing area of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. According to the global market, the use of polymers in this area is projected to reach $31.4 million by 2027. This review discusses the recent advances and perspectives of hydrogel in drug delivery systems for oral, parenteral, nasal, topical, and ophthalmic. The search strategy did in January 2021, and it conducted an extensive database to identify studies published from January 2010 to December 2020.We described the main characteristic of the polymers to obtain an ideal hydrogel for a specific route of administration and the formulations that was a highlight in the literature. It concluded that the hydrogels are a set useful to decrease the number of doses, side effects, promote adhesion of patient and enhances the bioavailability of the drugs improving the safety and efficacy of the treatment.

Design and Optimizations of Aceclofenac Bioadhesive Extended Release Microspheres

The oral route for drug delivery is the most popular, desirable, and most preferred method for administrating therapeutically agents for systemic effects because it is a natural, convenient, and cost effective to manufacturing process. Oral route is the most commonly used route for drug administration. Although different route of administration are used for the delivery of drugs, oral route remain the preferred mode. Even for sustained release systems the oral route of administration has been investigated the most because of flexibility in designing dosage forms. Present controlled release drug delivery systems are for a maximum of 12 hours clinical effectiveness. Such systems are primarily used for the drugs with short elimination half life.

Interpolymer Complex of Chitosan and Eudragit L-100: Preparation, Characterization and Drug Release Behavior

Aims: The aim of the present investigation was to prepare interpolymer complex between Chitosan and Eudragit L100, and to evaluate its performance as a matrix for controlled release of drugs, using Diclofenac sodium as a model. Methodology: Interpolymer complex were prepared by combining different % chitosan solutions with different % Eudragit L100 solutions in different ratios. The formation of interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) between carbopol and Chitosan was investigated, using turbidimetry and viscosity measurement. The structure of the prepared IPEC was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy and DSC. A Rotary compression press was used to formulate matrix tablets of diclofenac sodium using polymers in physical mixture and IPECs.The amount of Diclofenac Sodium released in the dissolution medium was determined spectrophotometrically at 276 nm. Results: The results of the present investigation confirmed the formation of an interpolyelectrolyte complex between Chitosan and Eudragit L 100. The release of the model drug Diclofenac sodium was significantly controlled from tablets made up of the IPEC as compared with polymers alone and in combination. Release profiles were represented by a mathematical model, which indicates that the prepared system releases drug in a zero-order manner by changing the ratio of the IPEC in the tablets. Conclusion: Controlled release drug delivery systems designed to manipulate the drug release to achieve specific clinical objectives that are unattainable with conventional dosage forms.

Compartmental and COMSOL Multiphysics 3D Modeling of Drug Diffusion to the Vitreous Following the Administration of a Sustained-Release Drug Delivery System

The purpose of this study was to examine antibiotic drug transport from a hydrogel drug delivery system (DDS) using a computational model and a 3D model of the eye. Hydrogel DDSs loaded with vancomycin (VAN) were synthesized and release behavior was characterized in vitro. Four different compartmental and four COMSOL models of the eye were developed to describe transport into the vitreous originating from a DDS placed topically, in the subconjunctiva, subretinally, and intravitreally. The concentration of the simulated DDS was assumed to be the initial concentration of the hydrogel DDS. The simulation was executed over 1500 and 100 h for the compartmental and COMSOL models, respectively. Based on the MATLAB model, topical, subconjunctival, subretinal and vitreous administration took most (~500 h to least (0 h) amount of time to reach peak concentrations in the vitreous, respectively. All routes successfully achieved therapeutic levels of drug (0.007 mg/mL) in the vitreous. These models predict the relative build-up of drug in the vitreous following DDS administration in four different points of origin in the eye. Our model may eventually be used to explore the minimum loading dose of drug required in our DDS leading to reduced drug use and waste.

Novel Protein Therapeutics Created Using the Elastin-like Polypeptide Platform

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are bioengineered proteins that have a unique physical property, a thermally triggered inverse phase transition, that can be exploited for drug delivery. ELP-fusion proteins can be used as soluble biologics, thermally targeted drug carriers, self-assembling nanoparticles, and slow-release drug depots. Because of their unique physical characteristics and versatility for delivery of nearly any type of therapeutic, ELP-based drug delivery systems represent a promising platform for biologics development.

Technologies in Bilayer Tablet Manufacturing: A Review

Bilayer tablet is a recent time for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various quality to provide a way of the successful drug delivery system. Over the past 30 years stated that the cost and complications involved in marketing new drug entities have increased, with consequent recognition of therapeutic advantages of controlled drug delivery, greater attention has been concentration on development of sustained or controlled release drug delivery systems. Bilayer tablet it is used in the different aspect for anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Bilayer tablet incidental release of two drugs in combination, separate two incompatible substance and also for sustained release tablet in which one layer is immediate release as initial dose and second layer is maintenance dose. Bilayer tablet is enhancing beneficial technology to control the shortcoming of the single layered tablet. There is various application used in the bilayer tablets.

Alan Cowan: Buprenorphine from the bench to the bedside—Personal notes

In 2005, Bob Adams, the Chief Veterinarian at Johns Hopkins, wondered if sustained release technology could be used to improve postsurgical analgesia for animal medicine. Henry Brem, Director of the Hunterian Laboratories, had organized an international consortium to advance therapy for brain tumors and stroke. The Hunterian had over 20 years of experience with the safety and effectiveness of neutral lipids, phospholipids, carbohydrates, gels, polymers, and assorted devices for sustained-release drug delivery. We had the technology. What was the best pharmacology? Buprenorphine was the obvious analgesic. Reports of adverse events in the veterinary literature were rare.