Fractionation of industrial lignins: opportunities and challenges

Technical lignins produced as a by-product in biorefinery processes represent a potential source of renewable carbon. In consideration of the possibilities of the industrial transformation of this substrate into various valuable bio-based molecules, the biological deconstruction of a technical soda lignin by filamentous fungi was investigated. The ability of three basidiomycetes (Polyporus brumalis, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Leiotrametes menziesii) to modify this material, the resultant structural and chemical changes, and the secreted proteins during growth on this substrate were investigated. The three fungi could grow on the technical lignin alone, and the growth rate increased when the media were supplemented with glucose or maltose. The proteomic analysis of the culture supernatants after three days of growth revealed the secretion of numerous Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). The secretomic profiles varied widely between the strains and the presence of technical lignin alone triggered the early secretion of many lignin-acting oxidoreductases. The secretomes were notably rich in glycoside hydrolases and H2O2-producing auxiliary activity enzymes with copper radical oxidases being induced on lignin for all strains. The lignin treatment by fungi modified both the soluble and insoluble lignin fractions. A significant decrease in the amount of soluble higher molar mass compounds was observed in the case of P. sanguineus. This strain was also responsible for the modification of the lower molar mass compounds of the lignin insoluble fraction and a 40% decrease in the thioacidolysis yield. The similarity in the activities of P. sanguineus and P. brumalis in modifying the functional groups of the technical lignin were observed, the results suggest that the lignin has undergone structural changes, or at least changes in its composition, and pave the route for the utilization of filamentous fungi to functionalize technical lignins and produce the enzymes of interest for biorefinery applications.

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Co-pyrolysis of iron-rich sewage sludge and potassium phosphate to prepare biochars: P fractionation and alleviated occlusion

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis ◽

10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105285

Author(s):

Qing-Song Liu ◽

Tian Tian

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

P Fractionation

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Catalytic Stepwise Pyrolysis of Technical Lignin

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.12.3.4639-4651 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lupeng Shao ◽

Tingting You ◽

Chao Wang ◽

Guihua Yang ◽

Feng Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Technical Lignin

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Assessing the P fractionation in a tropical river-estuarine system of South India

Chemistry and Ecology ◽

10.1080/02757540.2010.512009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 453-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Padma ◽

S. M. Nair

Keyword(s):

South India ◽

Estuarine System ◽

Tropical River ◽

P Fractionation ◽

River Estuarine

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CHANGES WITH TIME IN THE FORM AND AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS ON CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss86-011 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 105-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

B. I. WAGAR ◽

J. W. B. STEWART ◽

J. O. MOIR

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Organic P ◽

Clay Loam ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Residual P ◽

Fractionation Procedure ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Labile P ◽

P Transformations ◽

Stable Forms

A sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure was used to measure the changes in the labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P following single broadcast P applications to Canadian Chernozemic soils under cereal cropping. Approximately half of the fertilizer residues remained in plant-available forms (resin, NaHCO3). In a Black Waskada clay loam 8 yr after the application of 200 and 400 kg P ha−1, residual fertilizer P consisted of resin-P, 30–40%; HCl-P, 25–30%; residue-P, 10–15%; NaOH-P, 10–15%, NaHCO3-P, 10%; and aggregate protected P, 3%. The residues in a Dark Brown Sutherland clay 5 yr after the application of 160 kg P ha−1 were: resin-P, 35%; NaOH-P, 30–40%; NaHCO3-P, 15%; HCl-P, 0–5%; H2SO4-P, 5%; and aggregate protected P, 5%. The soils differed in the quantity of fertilizer recovered in inorganic HCl-extractable forms. In the Sutherland soil the change from wheat-fallow to continuous wheat cropping produced a build-up of organic P which occurred with and without the addition of P fertilizer. Key words: Residual P, P transformations, Labile Pi; labile Po, stable Pi stable Po

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Phosphorus forms in leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000500005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 319-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rogério Piccin ◽

Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽

Roque Júnior Sartori Bellinaso ◽

Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽

Lessandro De Conti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Available P ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Phosphorus Forms ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

P Content ◽

Total P

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate phosphorus forms in grape leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines grown in a Typic Hapludalf with different available P contents. Two experiments were carried out with Vitis viniferacultivars, one with 'Tannat' and the other with 'Cabernet Franc' grapes. Experiment 1 consisted of two vineyards of 'Tannat', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 11.8 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 34.6 mg kg-1 P. Experiment 2 consisted of two vineyards of 'Cabernet Franc', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 16.0 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 37.0 mg kg-1 P. Leaves were collected at flowering (FL) and veraison (V), and, after their preparation, P forms were evaluated. Yield and must composition were assessed. The highest yield was observed in V2 of experiment 1 and in V2 of experiment 2. Total P content and P forms in leaves at FL and V have no relationship with yield parameters; however, total P content in leaves has a relationship with anthocyanin content in the must of 'Tannat' grapevines. Therefore, P fractionation in leaves predicts neither grapevine yield nor must composition.

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Application of Technical Lignin in Wood Adhesive

Green Polymer Composites Technology ◽

10.1201/9781315371184-16 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 149-170

Keyword(s):

Wood Adhesive ◽

Technical Lignin

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Influence of soil texture on fertilizer and soil phosphorus transformations in Gleysolic soils

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s02-073 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 395-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Z. Zheng ◽

L. E. Parent ◽

J. A. MacLeod

Keyword(s):

Soil Texture ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Clay Content ◽

P Uptake ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Soil P ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Heavy Clay

The P dynamics in soils should be quantified in agricultural soils to improve fertilizer P (FP) efficiency while limiting the risk of P transfer from soils to water bodies. This study assessed P transformations following FP addition to Gleysolic soils. A pot experiment was conducted with five soils varying in texture from sandy loam to heavy clay, and receiving four FP rates under barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotations. A modified Hedley procedure was used for soil P fractionation. Soil resin-P and NaHCO3-Pi contents were interactively affected by texture and FP. The NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Po, HCl-P and H2SO4-P were only affected by soil texture. Proportions of 78 and 90% of the variation in labile and total P were, respectively, related to soil clay content. The FP addition increased resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi and -Po contents in coarse-textured soils, but the amount added was not sufficient to mask the initial influence of soil texture on the sizes of soil P pools. Plant P uptake was proportional to FP rate but less closely linked to clay content. The average increase in labile P per unit of total FP added in excess of plant exports was 0.85, 0.8 2 , 0.73, 0.55 and 0.24 for the sandy loam, loam, clay loam, clay and heavy clay soil, respectively. The results of this study stress the important of considering soil texture in Gleysolic soils when assessing P accumulation and transformations in soils, due to commercial fertilizers applied in excess of crop removal. Key words: P fractions, clay content, fertilizer P, plant P uptake, soil texture

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Bone char effects on soil: sequential fractionations and XANES spectroscopy

SOIL ◽

10.5194/soil-4-23-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 23-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mohsen Morshedizad ◽

Kerstin Panten ◽

Wantana Klysubun ◽

Peter Leinweber

Keyword(s):

Xanes Spectroscopy ◽

Bone Char ◽

Reduced Sulfur Compounds ◽

Sequential Fractionation ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Edge Structure ◽

Amended Soils ◽

Soil P ◽

P Fraction ◽

Sequential P Fractionation

Abstract. The acceptability of novel bone char fertilizers depends on their P release, but reactions at bone char surfaces and impacts on soil P speciation are insufficiently known. By using sequential fractionation and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy we investigated whether and how the chemical composition of bone char particles has been altered in soil and has consequently affected the P speciation of amended soils. Therefore, two different kinds of bone char particles (BC produced by the pyrolysis of degreased animal bone chips at 800 °C and BCplus, a BC enriched with reduced sulfur compounds) were manually separated from the soil at the end of two different experiments: incubation leaching and ryegrass cultivation. Sequential P fractionation of amended soils showed P enrichment in all fractions compared to the control. The most P increase between all treatments significantly occurred in the NaOH–P and resin-P fractions in response to BCplus application in both incubation-leaching and ryegrass cultivation experiments. This increase in the readily available P fraction in BCplus-treated soils was confirmed by linear combination fitting (LCF) analysis on P K-edge XANES spectra of BC particles and amended soils. The proportion of Ca hydroxyapatite decreased, whereas the proportion of CaHPO4 increased in BCplus particles after amended soils had been incubated and leached and cropped by ryegrass. Based on P XANES speciation as determined by LCF analysis, the proportion of inorganic Ca(H2PO4)2 increased in amended soils after BCplus application. These results indicate that soil amendment with BCplus particles leads to elevated P concentration and maintains more soluble P species than BC particles even after 230 days of ryegrass cultivation.

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