scholarly journals Fungal Treatment for the Valorization of Technical Soda Lignin

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Mariane Daou ◽  
Clementina Farfan Soto ◽  
Amel Majira ◽  
Laurent Cézard ◽  
Betty Cottyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽  
Technical Lignin ◽  
Soda Lignin ◽  
Technical Lignins

Technical lignins produced as a by-product in biorefinery processes represent a potential source of renewable carbon. In consideration of the possibilities of the industrial transformation of this substrate into various valuable bio-based molecules, the biological deconstruction of a technical soda lignin by filamentous fungi was investigated. The ability of three basidiomycetes (Polyporus brumalis, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Leiotrametes menziesii) to modify this material, the resultant structural and chemical changes, and the secreted proteins during growth on this substrate were investigated. The three fungi could grow on the technical lignin alone, and the growth rate increased when the media were supplemented with glucose or maltose. The proteomic analysis of the culture supernatants after three days of growth revealed the secretion of numerous Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). The secretomic profiles varied widely between the strains and the presence of technical lignin alone triggered the early secretion of many lignin-acting oxidoreductases. The secretomes were notably rich in glycoside hydrolases and H2O2-producing auxiliary activity enzymes with copper radical oxidases being induced on lignin for all strains. The lignin treatment by fungi modified both the soluble and insoluble lignin fractions. A significant decrease in the amount of soluble higher molar mass compounds was observed in the case of P. sanguineus. This strain was also responsible for the modification of the lower molar mass compounds of the lignin insoluble fraction and a 40% decrease in the thioacidolysis yield. The similarity in the activities of P. sanguineus and P. brumalis in modifying the functional groups of the technical lignin were observed, the results suggest that the lignin has undergone structural changes, or at least changes in its composition, and pave the route for the utilization of filamentous fungi to functionalize technical lignins and produce the enzymes of interest for biorefinery applications.

Fractionation, analysis, and PCA modeling of properties of four technical lignins for prediction of their application potential in binders

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J.A. Gosselink ◽  
Jan E.G. van Dam ◽  
Ed de Jong ◽  
Elinor L. Scott ◽  
Johan P.M. Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Mass ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fractionation Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Soda Lignin ◽  
Technical Lignins

Abstract Functional properties of technical lignins need to be characterized in more detail to become a higher added value renewable raw material for the chemical industry. The suitability of a lignin from different plants or trees obtained by different technical processes can only be predicted for selected applications, such as binders, if reliable analytical data are available. In the present paper, structure dependent properties of four industrial lignins were analyzed before and after successive organic solvent extractions. The lignins have been fractionated according to their molar mass by these solvents extractions. Kraft and soda lignins were shown to have different molar mass distributions and chemical compositions. Lignin carbohydrate complexes are most recalcitrant for extraction with organic solvents. These poorly soluble complexes can consist of up to 34% of carbohydrates in soda lignins. Modeling by principle component analysis (PCA) was performed aiming at prediction of the application potential of different lignins for binder production. The lignins and their fractions could be classified in different clusters based on their properties, which are structure dependent. Kraft softwood lignins show the highest potential for plywood binder application followed by hardwood soda lignin and the fractions of Sarkanda grass soda lignin with medium molar mass. Expectedly, the softwood lignins contain the highest number of reactive sites in ortho positions to the phenolic OH group. Moreover, these lignins have a low level of impurities and medium molar mass.

Recent advances in biotransformation by Cunninghamella species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoela Daiele Gonçalves ◽  
Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier ◽  
Ricardo Luís Nascimento de Matos ◽  
João Paulo Assolini ◽  
Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Human Metabolite ◽  
Biotransformation Process ◽  
Phase I And Ii ◽  
Synthetic Origin

: The goal of the biotransformation process is to develop structural changes and generate new chemical compounds, which can occur naturally in mammalian and microbial organisms, such as filamentous fungi, and represent a tool to achieve enhanced bioactive compounds. Cunninghamella spp is among the fungal models most widely used in biotransformation processes at phase I and II reactions, mimicking the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in mammals and generating new molecules based on substances of natural and synthetic origin. Therefore, the goal of this review is to highlight the studies involving the biotransformation of Cunninghamella species between January 2015 and March 2021, in addition to updating existing studies to identify the similarities between the human metabolite and Cunninghamella patterns of active compounds, with related advantages and challenges, and providing new tools for further studies in this scope.

Comparative Thermodynamic Analysis of the Behavior of C60 and C28 Fullerenes when Heated in an Inert Medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay M. Barbin ◽  
Vasiliy P. Dan ◽  
Dmitriy I. Terentyev ◽  
Sergey G. Alexeev
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Total Enthalpy ◽  
Thermophysical Parameters ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Volume Entropy ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The structural changes of condensed fullerenes C60 and C28 at a temperature increase from 200 K to 2000 K have been studied by computational methods using the TERRA software for carbon-argon systems. The processes of destruction of fullerenes C60 and C28 molecules are presented, and the temperature ranges of their thermal stability are determined: up to 1000 K and up to 400 K, respectively. The following thermophysical parameters of the C60-Ar and C28-Ar systems are considered: specific volume, entropy, total enthalpy, total internal energy, equilibrium specific heat, molar mass of the gas phase, gas constant, and mass fraction of the condensed phase. A comparative analysis of their changes with increasing temperature is carried out. The results obtained in the course of thermodynamic modeling are similar to the results of a full-scale experiment conducted under similar conditions. In the future, the obtained data can be used to determine the explosive and fire-hazardous properties of fullerenes as a dispersed solid.

scholarly journals Improved Thermostability of Clostridium thermocellum Endoglucanase Cel8A by Using Consensus-Guided Mutagenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3458-3464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Anbar ◽  
Ozgur Gul ◽  
Raphael Lamed ◽  
Ugur O. Sezerman ◽  
Edward A. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Alignment ◽  
Clostridium Thermocellum ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Catalytic Module ◽  
Glycine Substitution

ABSTRACTThe use of thermostable cellulases is advantageous for the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass toward the commercial production of biofuels. Previously, we have demonstrated the engineering of an enhanced thermostable family 8 cellulosomal endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), Cel8A, fromClostridium thermocellum, using random error-prone PCR and a combination of three beneficial mutations, dominated by an intriguing serine-to-glycine substitution (M. Anbar, R. Lamed, E. A. Bayer, ChemCatChem2:997–1003, 2010). In the present study, we used a bioinformatics-based approach involving sequence alignment of homologous family 8 glycoside hydrolases to create a library of consensus mutations in which residues of the catalytic module are replaced at specific positions with the most prevalent amino acids in the family. One of the mutants (G283P) displayed a higher thermal stability than the wild-type enzyme. Introducing this mutation into the previously engineered Cel8A triple mutant resulted in an optimized enzyme, increasing the half-life of activity by 14-fold at 85°C. Remarkably, no loss of catalytic activity was observed compared to that of the wild-type endoglucanase. The structural changes were simulated by molecular dynamics analysis, and specific regions were identified that contributed to the observed thermostability. Intriguingly, most of the proteins used for sequence alignment in determining the consensus residues were derived from mesophilic bacteria, with optimal temperatures well below that ofC. thermocellumCel8A.

scholarly journals Transparent Cellulose/Technical Lignin Composite Films for Advanced Packaging

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo ◽  
Tian ◽  
Shen ◽  
Yang ◽  
Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Films ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Uv Shielding ◽  
Technical Lignin ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Technical Lignins

Although recent work has shown natural lignin products are promising to fabricate various polymer based functional composites, high-value applications were challenged by their structural complexity and inhomogeneity. This work specially assessed the potential of four technical lignins for cellulose based functional films production. These four technical lignins were obtained by emerging pretreatment systems, i.e., lactic acid-betaine deep eutectic solvent (DES), ethanol organosolv, soda/anthraquinone (Soda/AQ) and the sodium salicylate hydrotrope, and their phenolic substructures were comparatively identified by prevalent 31P NMR technique. The influence of lignin chemical structure on the antioxidant potential and UV-shielding performance of the prepared cellulose/technical lignin composite films were assessed. Results showed severe organosolv and soda/AQ pretreatment produced technical lignins with higher total phenolic hydroxyl groups (3.37 and 3.23 mmol g-1 respectively), which also exhibited higher antioxidant activities. The composite films could effectively block the ultraviolet lights especially for UVB region (ultraviolet B, 280–315 nm) at only 5 wt.% lignin content. The contribution of lignin phenolic substructures to both antioxidant activity and UV-shielding property from high to low was syringyl > guaiacyl > p-hydroxyphenyl phenolic hydroxyl groups. This work provided some useful information that could facilitate upstream lignin extraction or downstream value-added applications.

scholarly journals Electro-oxidative depolymerisation of technical lignin in water using platinum, nickel oxide hydroxide and graphite electrodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Di Fidio ◽  
Johan Timmermans ◽  
Claudia Antonetti ◽  
Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti ◽  
Richard Gosselink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Oxide Hydroxide ◽  
Technical Lignin ◽  
Soda Lignin ◽  
First Time

In order to improve the lignin exploitation to added-value bioproducts, a mild chemical conversion route based on electrochemistry was implemented. For the first time, soda lignin Protobind™ 1000 (technical lignin...

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Application of Functionalized Lignin in Value-Added Polymeric Materials

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Yan Wang ◽  
Xianzhi Meng ◽  
Yunqiao Pu ◽  
Arthur J. Ragauskas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Thermoset Resins ◽  
Soda Lignin ◽  
Technical Lignins

The quest for converting lignin into high-value products has been continuously pursued in the past few decades. In its native form, lignin is a group of heterogeneous polymers comprised of phenylpropanoids. The major commercial lignin streams, including Kraft lignin, lignosulfonates, soda lignin and organosolv lignin, are produced from industrial processes including the paper and pulping industry and emerging lignocellulosic biorefineries. Although lignin has been viewed as a low-cost and renewable feedstock to replace petroleum-based materials, its utilization in polymeric materials has been suppressed due to the low reactivity and inherent physicochemical properties of lignin. Hence, various lignin modification strategies have been developed to overcome these problems. Herein, we review recent progress made in the utilization of functionalized lignins in commodity polymers including thermoset resins, blends/composites, grafted functionalized copolymers and carbon fiber precursors. In the synthesis of thermoset resins such as polyurethane, phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy, they are covalently incorporated into the polymer matrix, and the discussion is focused on chemical modifications improving the reactivity of technical lignins. In blends/composites, functionalization of technical lignins is based upon tuning the intermolecular forces between polymer components. In addition, grafted functional polymers have expanded the utilization of lignin-based copolymers to biomedical materials and value-added additives. Different modification approaches have also been applied to facilitate the application of lignin as carbon fiber precursors, heavy metal adsorbents and nanoparticles. These emerging fields will create new opportunities in cost-effectively integrating the lignin valorization into lignocellulosic biorefineries.

Fast Track to Molar-Mass Distributions of Technical Lignins

ChemSusChem ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Sulaeva ◽  
Grigory Zinovyev ◽  
Jean-Michel Plankeele ◽  
Ivan Sumerskii ◽  
Thomas Rosenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Track ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Technical Lignins

scholarly journals Bioremediation potential of filamentous fungi in methylene blue: Solid and liquid culture media

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovania dos Santos Menezes ◽  
Tamíris Aparecida de Carvalho ◽  
Wandson dos Santos Almeida ◽  
Eliana Midori Sussuchi ◽  
Pedro Roberto Almeida Viégas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus

ABSTRACT The evaluation of the bioremediation potential of microbial with dyes in solid and liquid culture media has been described, but prior studies have not mentioned which culture method is most appropriate for selection of microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the bioremediation potential of filamentous fungi in liquid and solid culture media with methylene blue. The fungi isolates tested were Pleurotus ostreatoroseus (POR-SP1, POR-SP2), P. ostreatus (DF39, EF58 and EF60), Pycnoporus sanguineus (PS) and Fusidium sp. (FUS). The methylene blue concentrations tested were 0, 5, 10, and 50 mg L-1 in the solid medium and 0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1 in the liquid medium. In the solid medium, the mycelial diameters of DF39, EF58, FUS, and PS were not influenced by the increase in dye concentration. In the liquid medium, DF39, EF58, EF60, and FUS showed a constant methylene blue degradation rate with increasing dye concentration. The dye degradation rate was correlated with the pH of the liquid medium for EF58, EF60, and FUS. The lower diameter growth in the solid medium did not influence the methylene blue dye degradation rate in the liquid medium.

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